(GROUP 5)

KINGDOM PLANTAE
• WHAT IS PLANTAE?
• A taxonomic group comprised of
plants, particularly land plants and
green algae.
• Kingdom Plantae includes
multicellular, (mostly) autotrophic
eukaryotes that (usually) conduct
photosynthesis.
• Kingdom is formerly the highest taxonomic rank or
the most general taxon used in classifying organisms.
Newer classification scheme though such as that
introduced by Carl Woese includes three
domains. In this scheme, domain is the most general
taxon and kingdom is only next to the hierarchy.
Recent classification scheme also placed Plantae as a
subkingdom to the more inclusive, Kingdom
Archaeplastida. Other subgroups under Kingdom
Archaeplastida are red algae and glaucophytes.
 Members of Plantae are characterized by
the following attributes:
• ability to make its own food by photosynthesis, foods are
stored in forms of sugars and starch.
• presence of rigid cell walls apart from the cell membrane.
• eukaryotic cells, i.e. the presence of a distinct nucleus
surrounded by a membrane
• mostly are multicellular, i.e. made up of many cells
organized to perform a specific function as a unit
 Members of Plantae are characterized by
the following attributes:
• unlimited growth at meristems (when present).
• organs are specialized for anchorage, support, and
photosynthesis (e.g. roots, stems, leaves, etc.)
• response to stimuli is rather slow due to the absence of sensory
organs and nervous systems, as do animals
• limited movements due to a lack of organs for mobility, as do
animals
• life cycle that involves both sporophytic and gametophytic
phases (alternation of generation)
1.Rhodophyta(RED ALGAE)
• This is a large assemblage of between 2500 and 6000 species
in about 670 largely marine genera (Woelkerling 1990) that
predominate along the coastal and continental shelf areas of
tropical, temperate and cold-water regions (Lüning 1990)
• Characterized by the accessory photosynthetic pigments
phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanins arranged
in phycobilisomes, and the absence of flagella and centrioles
(Woelkerling 1990).
• Red algae are ecologically significant as primary producers,
providers of structural habitat for other marine organisms,
and their important role in the primary establishment and
maintenance of coral reefs
2.PHAEOPHYTA(BROWN ALGAE)
• Phaeophyta are greenish-brown colored
algae that contain fucoxanthin, beta-
carotene and chlorophyll a and c. They
are the most complex forms of algae,
commonly adapted in the marine
environment.
• And they are the most important
because they produce oxygen, more
oxygen than anything else does.
3.CHLOROPHYTA(green algae)
• Chlorophyta is a division of green algae, informally called
chlorophytes
• It refers to a highly paraphyletic group of all the green algae
within the green plants (Viridiplantae) and thus includes about
7,000 species of mostly aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic
organisms.
• In newer classifications, it refers to one of the two clades
making up the Viridiplantae, which are the chlorophytes and the
streptophytes.
• In this sense the Chlorophyta includes only about 4,300
species.
• The division contains both unicellular and multicellular species.
 MAIN PLANTS OF PLANTAE:

• BRYOPHYTES(MOSSES)
• TRACHEOPHYTES(FERNS)
• GYMNOSPERM(CONIFERS)
• ANGIOSPERM(FLOWERS)
1.BRYOPHYTES(MOSSES)
• Bryophytes are small, non-vascular land plants that
require water for reproduction.
• Bryophytes are non-vascular, so they do not have
the right types of tissues to develop roots, stems, or
leaves.
• Bryophytes typically measure one to two
centimeters tall. They lack tissues to provide
structure and support that other land plants have,
so they cannot grow taller.
• Though they require water for hydration as well as
reproduction, they are able to survive on land
because of special adaptations
2.TRACHEOPHYTES(FERNS)
• A vascular plant contains the conducting systems which
consist of xylem for conveyance of water and phloem for
conveyance of food such as sugar.
• These kinds of plants have vascular tissues that able to
grow in large size
• Tracheophytes growth starts from principal generation
phase sporophytes which are typically diploid.
• tracheophytes are plants without wooded stem such as the
yearly flowering plants petunias and other perennial
ornamental plants.
• have been discovered 400,000,000 years ago in Silurian
rocks.
 3.GYMNOSPERMS (CONIFERS)
• Group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads,
Ginkgo, and gnetophytes.
• The term “GYMNOSPERM” comes from the Greek composite
word gymnos, “NAKED” and sperma, “SEED”.
• The Gymnosperm were regarded as a "natural" group.
• Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a sporophyte-dominant
life cycle, which means they spend most of their life cycle with diploid
cells, while the gametophyte (gamete-bearing phase) is relatively short-
lived.
• Gymnosperms have major economic uses. Pine, fir, spruce, and cedar
are all examples of conifers that are used for lumber, paper
production, and resin. Some other common uses for gymnosperms
are soap, varnish, nail polish, food, gum, and perfumes.
 4.ANGIOSPERM(FLOWERS)
• Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants.
• Angiosperms are found in almost every habitat
from forests and grasslands to sea margins and
deserts.
• Known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are
the most diverse group of land plants, with 416
families, approximately 13,164 known genera
and c. 295,383 known species. Like
gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing
plants.