1301. Ce structuri se pot gasi in hipode.J1ll?

a. celule adipoase
b. bulbi pilo~i
c. glande sudoripare
d. epiteliu pluristratificat keratirlizat
e. corpusculi Meissner
········· ······························· ······················ ....
Discufii: ····························································· ....
······•·""""'"""""""" '" '"""""""""""""""' ····· ............ ... ,
..................................................................... ····················································
............................. .....................................

1302. Hipodermul confine urniatoarele eJementc:

a. corpusculi Yater-Pacini .
b. glornerulii glandelor sudoripare
c. celule epiteliale coruoase
d. papilele demiice
e. algoreceptori
.............................
····· ....
..................... ........................................................................ .. ... ·· ···
Discutii:
........ .... ...... .. .. ....... .. ................. .. .. ............................................................. ...................... ·····
....
................................ ......................................................... .. ....................................... ······

I303. Piel ea este sediul receptorilor pentJU mai multe sensibilitii(i:

a. t.e1n1ica
b. tactilii
c. kinestezica
d. dureroasii
e. olfactivii

Ji~ :~:::;;:;::;::::. ::": : :_: : : ::: : : : : : :::::: :::::::::::::::::: :::: : ::

Discuµi :

a. sunt cei mai mici corpusculi

b. detecteaza stimuli tactili
c. sunt localizap fn derm
d. sunt loca~zati fn epiderm
. e. sunt locahzati fn hi d
D1scutii · , po erm
' .
..........
..................................
...........•.·.••·.··•··..·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·:.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·••• .••••••••••••••oo
""""
............ ......... .. ••
................ .
1305 Co .. . .. . . .. .. ...... ..::::: :::::: ............................ ···..... :::: ...................... .
·a. ::~:'.i:,;;::·Pacini ................................... ·: :::::::::::::::::::::
b. sunt localizati ~n corpusculi
c. sunt local. , In denn
d izati,., hi
. sunt localizat· podenn
e. servesc _,I In epidenn
sens1bi1itaC11
• tennice

298
piscu~i:
················································· ·········
..........................................................::::::::::·····•• .... ......... .. ... ................................................. .
,,.. ·································· ····· ·· ·· ··· ···········································································
..............................................................................
JJ06. Corpusculii Meissner:
a. servesc sensibilitatii tactil
.d , e
b. sunt cons1 era ti recep~011· bt
. .'
c. sunt recepton pentru cald pe 111 rece
d. se gasesc 111 denn
e. se gasesc 111 epidenn
Discu1ii:

: :::: ::: ::::: ::::::::: ::: :: :::

130 7. Ce afinnatii sunt adevarate des Jre coi .. . .. ..................................... .
a. sunt considerati recepton· pel tru -P usculu Ruffiru?
. '. n cad 1
b. ~unt cons~de1~ti re~eptori pentru frig
c. :stmt~locahAzat1 la mvelul epidermului
d. se gasesc m denn
e. sunt terminatii incapsulate
Discu~i:

1308. Corpusculii Krause:

a. se gasesc ill derm
b. se gasesc ill epiderm
c. sunt terminatii nervoase libere
d. sunt receptori pentru frig
e. sunt receptori pentru cald
Discutii:
.................................................................................. ............................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
....... :..................................................................................................................:................... .

1309. Discurile Merkel:

a. sunt fibre nervoase ce s·e termina in jurul unor celule epiteliale
b. servesc sensibilitatii tactile
c. se gasesc in hipoderm
d. se gasesc in derm, ill partea superficiala
e. se gasesc in derm, ill partea profunda
Discutii·
, .

·········································································.······································································
···································································································.············································
...............................................................................................................................................

299
 131 0 · Ce receptori se gasesc situa!i mai pro fund, mhipodenn?
a. corpusculii Yater-Pacini
b. corpusculii Golgi-Mazzoni
c. corpusculii Meissner
d. corpusculii Krause
e. corpusculii Merkel
Discutii: ···································································
·· ··········.... , ................ , .......... ... ....... .. ... .. ...............
,

····························································
····························· ·· ······················· ·· ·
········ ········· ·· ·······•·······'················ •· "••"·•• ............. .
···· ··· ···········
········· ·· ·· ····· ·
··························· ··· ···· ··· ·····
111·· Golgi-Mazzoni?
1311. Ce puteti' spw1e
. despre cOipus~u .
cul1lor J(Jause
a · sunt o vanetate a coqJttS ·Jilor \later- p acnu · ·
1
b. sunt o varietate a corp. u~ct ul ei degetelor
J' f "n
1 Jupodennu1 P P
c. se gasesc loca iza ,i ·. 1 I · degetelor
d. se gasesc Jcica liza~i .eptd~nnu pu pet !1~
e. deservesc sensibihtap1 tactile
Discuf:ii: . .. : ::: ::: :: : :: :::::: ::::: :: ::: :::::::::: :::: :: :::::
: : ::: : . . .. .... . .. . .. ... . .. ... .... .. .

.. . '?
1312. Ce afinnatii sunt adevarate despre receptom tenn1c1.
a. sunt de trei tipuri . . .
b. sunt fibre cu diametrul mic ~i nellllelllllzate
c. sunt fibre cu diametrul mic ~i mielinizate A •

d. receplorii pentru rece sunt mai numero!i decal ce1 pentru cald .
e. receplorii pentru rece transmit impulsun ciind temperature tegwnentulm cre!te

Discuf:ii:
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................... ....................................................................

1313. Receptorii pentru durere:

a. sunt fu principal tenninatii nervoase libere
b. daca este stimulat 1n exces, mice receptor cutanat poate deveni algoreceptor
c. algoreceptorii se adapteaza ill prezenta stimulului
d. algoreceptorii nu se adapteaza ill prezenta stimulului
e. algoreceptorii se adapteaza foarte rapid ill prezenta stimulului
Discutii: '
···············································································································································
···············································································································································
···············································································································································
1314. Campul receptor al · . .
a. este aria tegume ~u! ne~o~ i11:1phcat msensibilitatea cutanata:
n ara a care1 Stllllulare <let . - d.fi - . ,. . d d
neuronului respectiv ermma mo 1 1can m rata e escarcare a
b. este suma receptorilor cutanati
c. suprafata sa este mraport . , .
d. suprafata sa este m d~vers proportwnal cu densitatea receptorilor din regiune
raport rrect proporti onal cu densitatea receptorilor din regiune
.

300
 e. se referii la numarul de receptori din regiune
j5C1.lµi:
o_.•·:::::::::: :: ::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::................................................ .
·:::::: ............... ....... .. ................................................ ............... :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
t3l 5. vnnatoarele afirmatii
. despre receptorii term·1c1· sunt adevarate? w

teillperatun 1e extreme pot determina si·

, st·unu 1area algo · t ·i
a· ..
b. receptom peutru cald sunt mai numerosi d "t .
c. receptorii pentru cald transmit in1pu lsu· n'.
..
recep on or
ce~ pentru rece
auu1Cl Cuhd temp
d. receptom pentru cald transmit impulsur' tui . ,.
tur
:~a .
_ era a cutanata scade
e. receptorii pentru rece sunt mai numer da ~Cl c~acl temperatura cutanata creste
.. - o~1 ecat ce1 pentru cald ,
piscu~i:

. Recepto1ii cutanaµ reprezinta segmentel .£ .

I316 a. tactil e pen ence pentrn analizatorii:

b. tenmc
c. dureros
d. kinestezic
e. olfactiv
Discufii:
···········································································································································
·················································.······························································································
···········································································································································
1317. Segmentul periferic al wmi analizator:
a. se mai nume~te ~i receptor
b. se mai numeste , si
, efector
c. poate percepe o forma de energie din mediul intern
d. poate percepe o forma de energie din mediul extern
e. nu reprezinta o formatiune specializata
Discutii:
························· . ················· ............. . .............................. . .......................................................... .
,

............ ........ ..... ................ ..................................... ......... ...... ... .... ... ... ........................ . ............... !····
......................... ... .......................... ........... ..... ...................... . .........................................................

1318. Pielea constituie inveli~ul protector ~i sensibil al organismului ~i:

a. se continua la nivelul orificiilor naturale cu mucoasele
b. este alcatuita dinspre interior spre exterior din: epidenn, denn, hipodenn
c. este un imens camp receptor
d. contine numero~i receptori, cum ar fi, tactili ~i fusuri neuro-musculare
e. prezinta doar terminatii nervoase libere
Discu~i: '
.................. .... .. ...... ......... ................................... ...... .............. ....... ..........................................
............................................................................................................. ; ................................ .
................................ ..... ................ .... ................................. ... .. .. ...... .. ......................................

301
 1319 S
. unt adevarate unn~t
a. epidennuI a oareie:
b e . este un epiteliu 1 . .
· pidennul prezinc P unstratificat keratinizat
c. dennuI este o patua ?ro~d strand comos
d. dennuI conf ra conJunctiva laxa
. -~· papilele de~e catre epid~nn, stratul papilar .
D1scutu: ce fom1eaza crestele papilare Ia mvelul degetelor

1320 U
·
nnatoarele afinnatii sunt adevarate:
a. 111 epidenn sunt ~ase sanguine
b. dennul contine 111 profo.nzime stratul reticular
C. amprentele ~unt date de ci1t:re cresteJe papiJare
d. strarul reticular al dennului este sarac in elemente celulare
e. h:ipodennul este alcat11it din tesut conjunctiv dens
Discutii·
' .
···· ·· ·· ·· ·· ····················· ······ ·· ·· ···· ··· ···· ·· ······ ········ ·· ········ ········ ·········· ···· ····· ···· ···· ···· ······ ·············•·...
························· ··················· ··············· ·· ············· ··· ·· ········ ·· ··· ·· ··· ········· ·· ····· ······························
···················································································· ···························································
1321. fn legatura cu organul cutanat sunt adevarate:
a. epidennul prezinta superficial stratul comos
b. dermuJ prezinta superficial stratul papilar
c. stratul reticular al dermului nu contme fibre de colagen
d. hipodermuJ este stratul eel mai superficial al pielii
e. terminafiile libere sunt arborizatii dendritice ale neuronilor motori din ganglionii
spinali
Discufi:i:
···············································································································································
···············································································································································
···············································································································································
1322. Ce afirmatii ,
considerati' adevarate?
a. acuitatea tactila are o valoare de 2 mm la nivel lingual
b. cu cat avem o densitate de receptori cutanati mai mare, cu atat suprafata campului
receptor este ~i ea mai mare
c. la nivelul toracelui posterior acuitatea tactila poate avea o valoare de 5 cm
d. corpuscul:ii Yater-Pacini sunt cei mai mari corpusculi
e. receptorii pentru cald se numesc Krause
Discutii:

···············································································································································
···············································································································································
···············································································································································
1323. Receptorii pentru durere:
~- sdunt~reprezentati doar prin tenninatii nervoase libere
. aca un receptor tennic t t. I .
dureroase es e s mm at excesiv, atunci el poate genera impulsun

302
 c. in ~podennul pulpei degetelor sunt prezenti corpusculii Golgi-Mazzoni cu rol de
ecepton . . 1d
8Jgor d. persistenta ~m stim~ ur~ros poate ~uce la ~mplificarea senzatiei dureroase
e. algoreceptom sunt stnnulat1 de facton mecamci,termici ~i chimici

piscu~i:
,, ..·····
.. ....... ......... .. ........ ......... ..... ... ... ... ...... ..... .... ..... ... ..... ... ...... .. .. .. ............ ....... ... ....... ...
· ••' ····················· ······· ··········· ········ ···························· ··············· ························ ··············· ·
····· ················ ······················································· ···· ·······················································

4. Ce afirmafii r~ale? . . . ."

J32 corpusculn Meissner sunt locahzat1m denn
: : 111 hipode1m -~unt gas~ti corr~usculii Yater-Pacini
algoreceptom sunt stnnulat1 doar de temperaturi extreme
~·. receptorii tactili apart.in categoriei mecanoreceptorilor
e. algoreceptorii se adapteaza rapid unei persistente a stimulului
Disculii:
,,.. ····· ·································· ···· ·····························································································
,,,,. ....
····· ·································· ··················· ··················· ··················································· ···
····· ······································· ····························· ············· ···················································· ···

1325_Ce putem a~nna d~s~~e hipod~rm?

a. este poq1unea p1el11 cea ma1 profunda
b. este un tesut conjunctiv lax
c. contme celule adipoase
d. contme corpusculi Meissner
e. este pof!iunea cea mai superficiala a pielii
Discu~i:
...............................................................................................................................................
...... .........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................

1326. Despre derm sunt adevarate ~~~toarele afirmatii:

a. este stratul superficial al p1el11
b. este O patura conjunctiva densa.
c. se continua in profunzime cu ep1dermul
d. contine corpusculi Krause . . .
e. este format din doua straturi: pap1lar ~1 reticular
Discutii:

i :: : : ::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::i:: :::: ::::: :::: : : : :

1327. Receptorii tactili: .
a. sunt stimulati de deformari mecamce
'
b. sunt localizati in epiderm
c. sunt mai n~erosi in pielea fara par . eptioneaza atingerea
. . ." , . a a dermu1m rec ,
d. ce1 locahzat1 m partea supenoar . ulii Meissner
e. dintre cei situaµ profund fac parte ~1 corpusc
Discutii: ······················ ····················
························································································· ········
303
 ····················································...... ..... .... ...... ....... ... ... ..... ................ ............. ....... ..
···············
······· ·································· ······································· ··• "············· ·• ... ...... ....... ....
1328 · Dintre re ceptom.. tact!·11· se numara:
a. corpusculii Meissner
b. terminaµi nervoase Jibere
c. discuri Merkel
d. corpusculii neurotendino~i Golgi
e. algoreceptorii
Discutii:
••• •• • ••••• • ••••• •••• • • • •••• •• • • • • ••••• • •••••• ••• • • ••• • • •• • • •••••••• • ••• • • • •• •• · • • • ••l•• ••• • •••• ••• • •• • •• • ••i • •••••• .. • • • •• • .. ••·•• • o, ·····
.. ......... ...... ... ...... .................... .. ....................... ... .. .................. .. .................... .. ............. .. .. .. ...... ,

············ ············ ·· ················ ············\•• ········· ····················· ················ ····················· ····· ···• .. ...... ,

1329. Despre receptorii tactili su111 adevii rnte unrnitoarele:

a. pot genera senzatii tactile
b. pot genera senzajfa de presiune
c. pot genera senza1ja de vibratie
d. cei situaf-i pmfrmd stm1 destinaµ pentrn atingere
e. cei situaf-i superficial sunt destinaµ detecta1ii presiunii
Discufii: 0

• • • • o o • O • • • • 0 o • • • • • • • • o o • O • • • O • O • O • • • • O • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • O • • • O • o • • • • • • • O • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • I • • • • • I • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • o • • • o • • o o • • o • • • • O • • O .. O • • O • o,

············ ·············································· ············ ······································· ···········"···············•.....

········ ······················· ·················· ······· ·· ·· ···················································································

1330. Se pot afinna wmatoareJe:

a. corpusculii Pacini se gasesc profund ~i receptioneaza vibratii1e
b. corpusculii Pacini se adapteaza foarte Jent
c. tenninaµile nervoase Jibere pot detecta atingerea ~i presiunea
d. corpusculii Go1gi-Mazzoni sunt o varietate a corpusculilor Yater-Pacini
e. corpusculii Go1gi-Mazzoni se gasesc in dennul pulpei degetelor
Discufii:
··············································································································•"··"·•"'' .................. ..
...............................................................................................................................................
················································•·"······················································································ .. ···

1331. Despre structura pielii se poate afinna:

a. are trei straturi
b. contine doua straturi
c. epidemml este situate catre exterior
d. dezmul este situat eel mai profund
e. epidezmul este un epiteliu pluristratificat keratinizat
Discuµi:
······················································· ....................................................................................... .
...............................................................................................................................................
························································································ ·······················································

1332. in piele se gasesc receptori:

a. tezmici
b. kinestezici

304
 eotrll vibratii
c. p 1·1
d. tacri . .
e. oJfactIVI
jscufii: .............................................................. ... ................................................... .
0 ············ ·····
························································································································
.... ····· ·····
····························································································································
,,,••'
····· ·····
re epidenn se poate afinna:
1333. pes~e O bogata retea vasculara
~- :u
confine terminatii nervoase libere
· tratul comes este situat superficial
~: :tratul ge1~it~ati,~ este_situat prof~tmd
e. este un ep1tehu b1strat1ficat keratmizat
piscuµi:
·································································································································
,,•• ··••'

·• •'
········ ··· ···· ···························· ·························································································
·••'

,,• •··
·················· ·· ················································································································
,, , ,

1334. Pielea est~ alc~~i;a: d d. A

a. dit1 tre1 tumc1, mcepan mspre exte1ior: epidem1, derm, hipoderm

b. dennul este un epiteliu conjuntiv dens
c. dermul contine doua straturi
d. stratul reticular este eel situat spre epiderm
e. stratul papilar contine papile dormice
Discupi:
········································································································································
·······
......... ······································································································································
.........................................................................................................................................
......
!335. Hipodennul contine:
a. tija firelor de par
b. glomerulii glandelor sudoripare
c. fibre musculare de tip striat scheletic
d. corpusculi Yater-Pacini
e. corpusculi Golgi-Mazzoni
Discuvi:
...............................................................................................................................................
···············································································································································
...............................................................................................................................................

1336. Strattll reticular dermic:

a. contine fibre de colagen
b. contine fibre elastice
c. contine fibre dispuse in fascicule subtiri
d. contine multe celule
'
e. este situat in vecinatatea epidermului
Discutii·
' .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::

305
 ··················································· ································· ······· ··········································· ·····
1337 - Stratul papilar dennic:
a. este situat in profunzimea tesutului adipos
·
b· contme ' c-. •cule groase
numeroase fibre de colagen grupate m iasci
c. fonneaza crestele papilare . .
d. confine papilele dennice in vecinatatea ep1demmlU1
e. papilele de1mice sunt 1idicaturi tronconice
Discutii·
, .
i• •····· ··· ·· ·· ·· ····· ······ ···· ·········· ········· ···
············ ·········· ········ ·· ···· ··········· ···· ········ ······· ········ ······ · ·· ···
················· ······ ····························· ··· ·· ·· ···· ···· ······ ····· ····· ··· ··· ··· ··· ····· ······ ·· ······ ········ ····· ················
··· ·············································· ····· ········· ······ ·· ················· ···· ········ ····· ············· ·························

1338. Recepto1ii termici:

a. se mai nwuesc ~i aJgoreceptori . . . . .
· "' Id .1 .0 ,1· dnc~ su1·1t stJ1nulat1 de tempeiatunle extreme
b. JOaca ro e a gore~ep 1 ., " . • . ,
c. receptorii peutrn cald stmt mai 11umero~1
d. sunt fibre cu diametruJ mic
e. sw1t fibre uervoase nemielinizate
Discufii:
··························· ····················································································································
································· ··············································································································
····································· ·· ········································································································
1339. Co1pusculii Vater-Pacini:
a. sunt in hipodenn
b. sunt receptori tennici
c. sunt cei mai mici c01pusculi
d. prezinta ~i o varietate particulara 1a nive1u1 degetelor
e. prin stimulare extrema pot genera impulsuri dureroase
Discup.i:
···············································································································································
·············································· ·· ·······························································································
················································································································································
1340. Despre epidenn se poate afinna:
a. este strand cutanat eel mai superficial
b. nu confine vase de sange
c. nu contine tenninatii nervoase Iibere
d. are ~oua straturi in componenta: reticular si papilar
. -~· contme glomerulii glandelor sudoripare ,
D1scufu:

.:-'.~::: :::::::-:·:~~: ::~.-·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·.•·..·.·.•·..·..·..·..·.. ..·..·..·.··.:_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_.·_:_.·_.·_.·_.· .................................................................

·.··.··.··.··

·································································
·································································
1341. Ana1izatoru1 kinestezic:
a. are receptorii situati ill .
b. are receptorii situ~ . "ur~chea mtema
musculare, muschi . . t1 m hgamente artic 1
' scheletic1 ~i netezi u are, capsula articulara, periost, tendoane

306
r c are
ca segment periferic proprioceptori
.
1gllllsul postcentral din scoarta cerebrala
d.· are ca segment centra
. d. . . ,
e. ar e ca segment mterme iar numa1 fasc1culele spinocerebeloase

pisct1ti_ii................................. ................................. ..... .......................................................... .

.... •·····: ................................................................................................................................... .
.... •···:: .................................................................................................................................... .

eptoiii kinestezici:
342 Rec . 1·..
l · a. din penost sunt corpusc~ u neurotendino~i Golgi
b. din tendoan~ sunt _fusunle neuromusculate
din urechea mtema sunt crestele ampulare
~·. din capsula ~.1ticulara sunt tenninatii nervoase libere
e. din aiticulat11 sunt corpusculii Vater-Pacini
piscutii:
.......... •················································································································· ······· ············
.......... •···························································································································· ········
........................ ...................... .. ...............................................................................................
, 43. Coq.msculii Yater-Pacini:
1., a. au ca stimul tensiunea din tendoane
b. se gasesc in piele, periost ~i tendoane
c. sunt sensibili la variatii ale presiunii
d. sunt sensibili la variatii termice
e. se adapteaza foarte rapid
Discuµi:
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... ........................................ .
_

1344. Corpusculii neurotendino~i Golgi:

a. se gasesc la jonctiunea mu~chi-tendon
b. se gasesc la jonctiunea periost-tendon
c. produc tensiune in tendon
d. sunt stimulati de intinderea puternica a tendonului
e. sunt stimula!i de contractia excesiva a unui mu~chi, ceea ce produce tensiune
puternica in tendon
Discuµi:
...............................................................................................................................................
' .
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................

1345. Intr-o articulatie de tip artrodie: .

a. sensibilitat~a dureroasa este receptionata de corpusculii Yater-Pacini
b. sensibilitatea presionala este receptionata de corpusculii Golgi
c. leziunile sunt receptionate de tenninatiile nervoase libere
d. pozitia este monitorizata de corpusculii Ruffini . . . V

. e. schimbarea pozitiei este receptionata de receptorii maculan dm utricula

D1scuµi:
···············································································································································

307
 ................ ..................... ............... ..... .......................................... ........................... .............
............................................................................................................................................

1346 · Terminatiile nervoase libere:

a. receptioneaza
· durerea la nivelul
. 1pieliiuJe]or aart1c . u1 are
b . receptloneaza
'. durerea
. .. Ia mveiu
. dcapsIa niveluI pie . 1u..
c. recept10neaza vanatude temuce e
d. se adapteaza rapid ..
e. sW1t singuruI tip de receptori ai dw·eJ11
Discutii: ... ..... .................... ...... ....... ... ..
::: :: ::::: : : :::: : :: :: :::::::.• .•:::::: :.:::::::::::::............................................ .. : :
........ ......... .... ................................ .... .................. ................................... .......... .. .....................

1347. Fusurile ueuromusculare: · t · etede

1a!.e stna
a. sunt diseminar-e p1int.re fibrele mus~u e ~1 n
b. sw1t stimulate de fntinderea m~~cluulm
c. contin tibre musculare intra- ~1 extrafu~.ale .
d. au i;1ervarie motorie asigurata de axonu n~uromlor a . din lantu,1 ganglionar
· ervat,.ie senzitiva data de dendntele neuromlor
e. au 111
para vertebral
Discutii:
..................................... ..................................... ............... ................................................... ...
......................................................... ................................................................... ...................
................................................. ..... ....................... ........................................... ... ...................

1348. Fibrele intrafusale:

a. se intind concomitent cu fibrele extrafusale, cand mu~chiul este alungit
b. sesizeaza intinderea prin fibre senzitive anulospirale ~i "m floare"
c. induc activarea motoneuronilor a, daca sunt intinse
d. induc activarea motoneuronilor y, daca sunt futinse
e. se contracta sub comanda motoneuronilor a
Discup.i:

1349. Fibrele intrafusale:

~· prima_ componenta a reflexului miotatic
· m muschiul cvadricep £ 1d
c. din muicmul gastrocne~ em;;a1 eclanJeaza reflexul rotulian
d. au inervatie dub!~ .a~ _ec an~eaza reflexul ahilian
e . '. a, somatica s1 vegetativa
. . au numa1 mervatie .. , .
D1scutii: , senz1t1va, pnn fibrele anulospirale ~i "in floare"

::::
:::::::::::::::::: :: :::::::::::::::::::::......... ...............................................................
1350
· ln reglarea tonu;~;~;··· ····· ......... ····· .... :::: :: :::::::::::::::: ::: :: ::::::::::::::::: ::::::::: :: ::: ::::::::::::::::
a. fusurile neuromusmulsculaturii scheletice·
cu are pot fiI activate
. ..
 tens1•unea din fusurile
. neuromusculare
.. este transmisa prin fibre senzitive mmaduva
.b· d sunt activat1 motoneuronn a
1
sPiJJa11 c., unmo~oneuronii a activati, stimuleaza fibrele extrafusale , detenninand contractia
,
, acestora
tl 5oara a
, d nu mai maduva spinarii este centru reglator
e.· numai cerebelul este centru reglator

pisCtl~j: ...................................................... .......................................................... ............ .

,, , , ·• •' ·····

.... ······ ······ ······ ····· ··················· ·· ··· ····· ····· ··· ···· ········ ···· ··· ······················· ························ ·····
,, ..,, .. ····· ····· ··· ······· ··· ····· ·· ·· ······· ·· ··· ······· ····· ·· ·· ··· ·· ········•i•········ ·· ············································

Analizatorol olfactiv:
1
135 • este un simt ch.imic
~: este un simt ele~tromag1~etic
are ca segment mte.nuedrnr nervii oft:almici
c. l I .
d. este slab dezvo tat a om, fata de alte mamifere
e., are receptor de tip tonic
piscu~i:
·••'
,, ... ......................................................................................................................................
,, .. ····· ························· ············································································· ·· ······························
, ...,, ... ······································································································································

13 52. Olfac~a: . .
a. depisteaza substantele chim1ce volatile din aerul inspirat
b. poate lua parte la formarea unor reflexe conditionate
c. necesita cooperarea cu secretia salivara pentru dizolvarea substantelor chimice pe
suprafat,a receptorului olfact~v .
d. coopereaza cu anahzatorul gustativ la declan~area secretiei salivare
e. declan~eaza secretiile digestive in cazul oricaror stimuli olfactivi
Discutii:
...............................................................................................................................................
......... ... ............... .... ...... .. .. ........................................... ...................................... . .................. .
...............................................................................................................................................

1353. Receptorii analizatorului olfactiv:

a. sunt plasati in prima parte a tubului digestiv
b. sunt implicati in fiziologia digestiei
C. sunt formati din corpusculi olfactivi
d. sunt formati din celule epiteliale senzoriale
e. sunt plasati pe suprafata inferioara a oaselor nazale

Discutii:
...............................................................................................................................................
···············································································································································
···············································································································································

1354. Receptorii analizatorului olfactiv:

a. sunt receptori tonici
b. sunt receptori mecanici
c. se adapteaza greu

309
 d. con!ine celule nervoase
e. sunt reprezenta!i de celulele mitrale N rvii olfactivi:
1J59- \unt 11ervi mic~ti
Discu{.ii: ~: unt nervi spinali .. . .
[ac
5 sillapsli cu neuron11 cort1cah ai lobului temporal
~: 1 axonii primului ne~ron al caii olfactive.
5011
c. fonneazli ramura oftahmcli a nervului trigemen
1355. Receptorii analizatorolui olfactiv:
a. transformii energia chimicii mimpulsuri nervoase
b. transformii energia electromagneticidn impulsuri nervoase
c. con!ine primul neuron al segmentulm de conducere
d. au ca stimuli substan!e chirnice inodore pragul sensibilitiitii olfactive: . . . • . • . •
e. suferii depolarizarea epiteliului columnar din mucoasa naza]· 1J60- a. este reprezentat de concentrape mlfllIIla dmtrt-o substanta modorii care provoaca
Discufii: a atia de miros. . . . •
se!IZ · b. este jnvers proporponal cu acmtatea olfactJva
c. este foarte jos pentru gaz metan
d. este acela~i pentru substantele a~omatice, eterice, balsamice.
e. este la acela~ nivel pentru eter ~1 mercaptan
1356. Butonii olfactivi:
a. fac parte din stroctura bulbului olfactiv pjscu(ii:
b. fac parte din mucoasa nazalii
c. striibat lama ciuroitii a etmoidului
d. sunt formap din epiteliu ciliat
e. secretii mucus 1. Simtul olfactiv al omului:
136 a. poate distinge aprox. 10.000 de mirosuri diferite
Discuµi:
b. percepe 4 mirosuri primare
c. serve~te la crearea unor reflexe conditionate
d. serve~te la reglarea functiei digestive
e. depisteazii doar substantele chimice organice
1357. BuJbul olfactiv: Discu(ii:
a. confine celuJe receptoare
b. contine ceJuJe nervoase
0
c. este situat pe fata inferioani a etmoidului
d. proceseaza impulsurile nervoase fu senza!ii nespecifice
e. proceseaza impuJsurile nervoase in senzape specifica de miros )362. Analizatorul gustativ:
Discupi: a. este un simt chimic
b. este un simt electromagnetic
c. are ca segment intermediar nervii trigemeni
d. este slab dezvoltat la om
e. are receptor de tip tonic
1358. Celulele mitrale: Discu{.ii:
a. transfoITIJa energia chimica fu impulsuri nervoase
b. conduce impulsuri nervoase inipate de stimuli chimici
c. sintetizeaza mediatori chimici
d. se adapteaza rapid
e. au sensibilitate foarte mare la mercaptan 1363. Simµil gustului:
DiscuJii:
a. depisteazii substantele chirnice volatile din alimente
b. declanseazii reflex~ neconditionate
c. necesita cooperarea cu secr~µa salivarii pentru dizolvarea substan\elor chirnice pe
suprafa\a receptorului
310 311
 . tul gustativ al omului:
d. coopereazil cu analizatorul 1368•S•Jll~ate distinge aprox. 10.000 de gusturi diferite
1 di olfactiv
. . lazuldeclan~area
.
secretiei
,
salivare
a. p . .
e. declan~eazii secre(ii e gestlve m ca oncaror stimuli chimici b, percepc 4 gustun pnmare
serve~te la declan~area unor reflexe neconditionate
Discu\ii:
~: serve~te la reglarea funcµei digestive
e. depisteazil doar substantele chunice organice
1364. Receptorii analizatorului gustativ:
a. sunt plasafi in prima parte a tubului digestiv
b. sunt implica\i in fiziologia digestiei
c. sunt forma\i din celule nervoase vederea: . . . .. .
d. sunt formap din celule epiteliale senzoriale J3 69 · a. [urnizeazii cea ma1 m~re parte dm mformatnle dm mediul inconjuriitor
e. sunt plasa(i pe suprafata inferioara a limbii b diferenµazii forma ob1ectelor
Discu\ii: c: ajutii Ia orien~ea in spaµu . .
d. men!ine atenµa pnn reducerea tonusulm cort1cal
e. diferentiazii cukirile prin vederea nocturnii
1365. Receptorii analizatorului gustativ:
a. sunt receptori tonici
b. sunt receptori mecanici
c. se adapteazii greu
d. confine celule nervoase !370. vederea: . . . . .
a.recep(ioneaza stunuh chimic1
e. sunt reprezenta\i de mugurii gustativi b. se bazeazii pe reacµi fotochimice
Discupi: c. transformii energia electromagnetica a luminii in influx nervos
d. percepe radiaµi electromagnetice cu lungimea de unda intre 390-770 nm
e. cromatica se produce prin stimularea celor ~apte tipuri de celule cu conuri,
corespunziitoare culorilor spectrului
1366. Receptorii analizatorului gustativ: Discu(ii:
a. transformii energia chimicii in impulsuri nervoase
b. transfonnii energia electromagnetica in impulsuri nervoase
c. confine primul neuron al segmentului de conducere
d. au ca stimuli substan!e chimice insipide
e. suferii depolarizarea epiteliului senzorial la acµunea stimulului 1371. Comeea:
Discuµi: a. are culoarea alba, opaca
b. este avascularii
c. nu conµne vase sang~e ~i fibre nervoase
d. are rol de lentila convergentii de 40 dioptrii
e. are raza de curburii ajustabila, realizand procesul de acomodare
1367. Mugurele gustativ: Discu(ii:
a. are ca stimul substan(ele chimice hidroinsolubile
b. percepe stimulii tactili de pe suprafata limbii
c. percepe stimulii termici de pe suprafata limbii
d. con(ine protoneuronul ciiii gustative
e. genereaza potentiale de receptor la contactul cu substantele sapide 1372. Sclerotica:
Discu1ii:
a. are culoarea alba, transparentii
b. contine numeroase fibre nervoase
c. este' perforatii de fibrele nervoase ale nervului optic
d. face parte din dioptrul ocular
312 313
 e. dii insertie muschilor ciliari Jrisul: ·1-
Discufii: ' '
1371-
· a. es•teieaza in pup• a luminii care ajunge pe retina
si tuatcantitatea
b· reste juervat sunpa
. . ey1. paras1mpattc
11c . .
c. ~si adapteazli euloarea dupii intensitatea Juminii
d, face
q parte d'ill d'10ptruI ocu Iar
e.
1373. Coroida:
a. face parte din tunica medie
b. este vascularizatii
c. este situatii anterior de ora serrata
d. confine celule cu bastona$e
e. dii inserfie mu$chiJor drept superior $i drept inferior J3 8· 1risul:
face parte din procesele ciliare
7
Discu(ii: ~-. are tructurii _muscula~ii striatii, ca ~_i mu~chiul ciliar
5
reaJizeazii m1oza la stunulare parasunpaticii
~: reaJizeazii midriaza la stimulare sirnpaticii
e. este efectorul reflexului pupilar fotomotor
13 74. Muschiul ciliar: pjscutii:
a. dste format din fibre musculare netede
b. face parte din mu$chii scheletici ai capului
c. confine fibre circulare $i radiare, inervate somatic $i vegetativ
d. are inervafie din perechea ill de nervi cranieni
e. prin contracfie face acomodarea pentru vederea obiecteJor aflate m procesele ciliare:
Discufii: punctuJ remotum 13 79 · a. sunt componente ale coroidei
b. contin fibre circulare ~i radiare
c. secretii umoarea apoasii
d. sunt alcatuite din aglomerari capilare, ca ~i glomerulii renali
e. sub stirnulare parasimpatidi, cresc secreti,a lacrimala
J375. Mushiul ciJiar: Discuµi :
a. dste efectoruJ reflexuJui pupilar fotomotor
b. in contracpe realizeaza mioza
c. in reJaxare realizeaza midriaza
d. stimulat de fibre parasimpatice face acomodarea pentru vederea de aproape
e. stimulat de fibre simpatice realizeazi.i mioza 1380. Procesele ciliare:
Discufii: a. sunt componente ale corpului ciliar
b. secretii umoarea vitroasa
c. fac parte din coroida
d. fac parte din tunica medie a globului ocular
e. acomodeaza ochiul pentru vederea de aproape
13 76. Mu$chiul ciliar, prin contraqie: Discufii:
a. mic~oreaza pupila - mioza
b. rnare~te pupila -midriaza
c. acomodeaza ochiul pentru vederea de aproape
d. riispunde comenzilor nervoase transmise de nervul optic
e. induce cre~terea puterii de convergenp a cristalinului 1381. Retina:
Discufii:
a. fonneaza tunica intema a globului ocular
b. regleaza cantitatea de lumina care patrunde in ochi
c. are un strat pigmentar
d. contine celule fotosensibile pe toata intinderea sa
e. nu contine celule fotosensibile in pata oarba ~i pata galbena
31 4 315
 Discutii: ·stnlillUI:
1386-Crt ·te avascular
11 es .
· te elastic • . .
b, es rnai bombat cand se pnvesc ob1ecte aflate la distanta
c este
· t mai aplatizat c"n• d se pnvesc
. ob.1ecte afl ate aproape.
d. es eputerea de convergen\ii mare cand este bombat
138::!. In retina, para: e. are ·
a. oarba are culoarea galbenii
b. oarbii lasa loc de ie~ire a nervului optic ~i ocuJomotor
c. oarbii lass Joe de ie~ire pentru arterele globului ocular
d. oarbii contine elemente nervoase
e. galbenii c~n(ine elemente fotosensibile
d se priveeyte un obiect aflat in punctul proxim:
Discu{ii: 1387- can uschiul ciliar este relaxat
~: ~gwientul suspensor al cristalinului este relaxat
c. cristalinul este bombat_ . . . . .
d. puterea de c~nv~r~e~ta a cnstahnulm este mmunii .
e. imaginea ma1 nuca p rastumata a ob1ectulm pnv1t se pro1ecteazii pe retina la ochiul
1383. in retina, pata:
a. oarbii are elemente fotosensibiJe emetroP
b. galbenii este stimulatii de lumina puternica viscu(ii:
c. oarbii este stimulata de lum.ina slabii
d. galbenii con(ine numai celule cu comm
e. galbenii are in centrul ei foveea centralis
Discu(ii: _cand se priveeyte un obiect aflat in punctul proxim:
1388 a. ligamentul suspensor al cristalinului este in tensiune
b. cristalinul este aplatizat
c. mueychiul ciJiar este contractat
d. cristalinul are puterea de convergenl3 maxima
1384. Vederea: e. acomodarea se realizeazii prin stimulare simpaticii a structurilor oculare
a. noctumil se face cu ajutorul foveei centralis
b. diurnii se face cu ajutorul celulelor cu comm Discu(ii:
c. diurnii percepe culorile
d. nocturnii se face cu ajutoruJ celulelor cu basto~e
e. clani este posibiJii numai pentru obiectele aflate i'n punctul proximum
Discu(ii:
1389. Miopii:
a. apropie obiectele de ochi pentru a le vedea clar
b. departeazii obiectele de ochi pentru a le vedea clar
c. au nevoie pentru corectie de lentile convergente
1385. CrisralinuJ: d. au nevoie pentru corectie de lentile divergente
a. are roJ de Jentilii biconvexii e. proiecteazii imaginea obiectelor privite in fata retinei
b. are puterea de refrac~e cea mai mare din tot dioptrul ocular Discu(ii:
c. este elastic
d. are purerea de convergenta maxima cand mu~chiul ciliar este contractat
e. are puterea de convergen!ii minima cilnd mu~chiul ciliar este contractat
Discuµi :
1390. Hipermetropii:
a. apropie obiectele de ochi pentru a le vedea clar
b. depiirteaza obiectele de ochi pentru a le vedea clar
c. au nevoie pentru corecfie de lentile convergente
d. au nevoie pentru corectie de lentile divergente
317
316
 --....;_
di· t.iile electromagnetice cu lungimea de undii fntre 390-770 nm
e. proiecteazii imaginea obiectelor privite in fata retinei 1395- Ra •~due senzatia de alb daci'i descompun vitamina A
Discurii: 11 · p~oduc senzatia de alb daca stimuleazii in mod egal toate celule cu conuri
b. produc senzatia de lumini'i coloratii dacii descompun iodopsine
c. produc senzatia de luminii coloratii dacii stimuleazii zona petei galbene
~: ~due aparitia potentialului de receptor in stratul pigmentar al retinei
J391 . Acomodarea ochiului in funqie de distanta la care se aflii obiectul . .
p;t:
a. implicii contracJ:ia mu~chilor ciliari, ai irisului ~i extrinseci ai gl O I
b. aduce proiec(ia obiectelor privite pc retina or oculari
piscuJ:ii:
c. aduce proiecfia obiectelor privite in spatele retinei
d. este coordonatii de coliculii cvadrigemeni
•. superiori si
, centri c ort·1ca11.
perceperea culorilor: . . .
e. este minima pentrU punctul prox1m 13 96 · se face in celulele care contm 10dopsme
Discu~i: : : se face prin scindarea rodopsinei
c. se face in celulele care contin iodopsine pentru cele 3 culori primare
d. este mai ades deficitarii la femei
e. necesitii celule fotoreceptoare cu sensibilitate mare la luminii
I392. in cadrul proceselor fotochimice din retina: piscuJ:ii:
a. energia luminoasa descompune rodopsina in retinen ~i opsinii
b. energia luminoasa descompune rodopsina din celulele cu conuri
c. energia luminoasa descompune iodopsina din celulele cu conuri
d. reactiile
· fotochimice detemunii schimbarea conductantei , 10ni·ce a membra ·
l397. In daltonism:
celulelor fotosensibile ne1 a. jroaginea obiectelor nu este clara, se proiecteazii in fata retinei
e. vitamina D joaca un rol important b. este necesarii corecJ:ia cu lentile divergente
Discu~i: c. este necesarii corecJ:ia cu lentile convergente
d. este necesarii corecJ:ia cu Ientile cilindrice
e. nu se poate face corecJ:ie
DiscuJ:ii:
1393. Sensibilitatea la Jumina:
a. este maxima pentru celulele cu conuri
b. este maxima in foveea centralis
c. este minima in foveea centralis 1398. Un daltonist ciiruia u lipsesc celulele cu con pentru culoarea ro~ie, privind un semafor
d. este maxima in pata oarbii cu becul ro~u aprins:
e. este maxima pentru celulele cu bastonas a. va vedea culoarea ro~ie
Discuµi : ' b. va vedea culoarea verde
c. va vedea culoarea cenu~ie
d. va vedea culoarea galbenii
e. va vedea culoarea complementarii
Discuti_i:
1394. Vederea:
a. diurna (fotopicii) se realizeazii cu ajutorul celulelor cu bastona~e
b. nocturna (scotopica) se realizeazii cu ajutorul celulelor cu conuri
c. diumii necesita luminii intensii
d. nocturnii nu necesitii lumina intensa 1399. Un,daltonist ciiruia ii lipsesc celulele cu con pentru culoarea ro~ie ~i verde, privind un
e. colorata se realizeazi! numai mfoveea centralis semafor:
Discufii:
a. va vedea ro~u cand este aprins becul verde
b. va vedea verde cand este aprins becul ro~u
c. va vedea cenueyiu cand este aprins becul roeyu
319
31 8
 d. v:i vedea cenusiu cand este aprins becul verde
e. va vedea 3 bec'uri aprinse
Discu\ii:
peficien\a de vitaminii A provoaca:
1404 · a. nictalopie
b. c1a1tonism
"1400.
" Un sofer
'- daltonist,
. caJ11ia
d ii Iipsesc celulele
. b"l
cu conuri za
pentru
e1 v cul
m ,a\3 sa, m acelas1· sens e mers,.un automo
,. ,<dd,..;"' alb> • f,n,nlo, ,mm m~mob;! = •
I care friinea -
b. vede Iumina alba a becurilor care se aprind in ca selapropie

· oarea ro s1e ·
•
mtttpret, ' >tv<ni,
aSlfel: 'are
c. Jniopie
d. astigmatism
e. pierderea vederii stereoscopice
• " ruril d zu mersul .
c. vede Iumina gaJbena a ,a or e cea(a U! inapoi piscu\ii:
d. yede lumina ro~ie a becurilor de franii
e. nu interpreteaz.'i nimic, penau cii nu poate fi ~ofer
_Analizatorul acustic al omului:
1405 a. percepe unde sonore de orice intensitate
b. percepe unde electromagnetice
c. are ca stimuli condensari 9i rarefieri ale aerului
I40 I. Un om cu Ult singur glob ocular: d. percepe infrasunete, sunete 9i ultrasunete
a. are un crunp ,~zual ma1 redus . e. percepe stimuli mecanici
b· nu vede in profunzime,
. nu poate aprecia prea bine distantele
· panii la ob.1ectele · •
c. nu vede culonle Pnvite Discu\ii:
d. are vedere stereoscopidi
e. aflat la volan, apreciaza mai d.ificil distantele la care se aflii alte masini
'
1406. Proprietatile fundamentale ale undelor sonore sunt:
a.iniiltimea, determinata de amplitudine
b. intensitatea, data de frecventa sunetelor
c. timbrul, determinat de amplitudine
J402. Un om aflat la volan, care conduce pe timp de noapte:
d. iniiltiroea, rnasuratii in hertzi
a. se adapteazii Ia vederea scotopicii e. intensitatea, rniisuratii in decibeli
b. are o cantitate mai mare de pigmenti vizuali in celulele fotoreceptoare
Discuµi :
c. vede doar cu celulele cu bastona~e, nu percepe culorile
d. vede ~i becurile ro~ii ale ma~inilor atlate in fata sa
e. vede doar faruriJe albe ale ma~inilor care vin spre el
Discuµi :
1407. Limitele de perceptie a urechii umane sunt:
a.iniiltimea minima de OHz
b. inii!J:imea maxima 130 Hz
c. intensitatea tninimii de O decibeli
1403. Un om aflat la volan, care conduce pe timp de noapte:
d. intensitatea maxima de 20.000 decibeli
a. se adapteazii in fractiuni de secundii la lumina puternicii a farurilor ma~inilor care e. intensitatea maxima de 130 decibeli
1·in spre el
Discutii:
b. esre orbit de Iumina puternica (faza Iungii) a farurilor ma~inilor care vin spre el
c. nu este orbit de lumina farurilor ma~inilor care vin spre el, dacii acestea sunt reglate
sa batl corect
d. folosc~te doar celulele cu bastonase
e. 1 ede doar tonuri de cenu~iu, nu ar~ vedere cromaticii
321
320
 d. reduce intensi~tea sunetel?t ?rea putemice
1408. Celulele senzoriale ale organului Corti:
a. transfonnii energia. electromagneticii
·- a, . in impuls net VOS. e. amplifica pres1unea aerulu1 dm urechea medie
b. transfonnii energ1a mecaru"" 111 1mpuls nervos
c. isi, modificii paJarizarea piscutii:
.c hi.in .funcµe de inclinarea cil"I
1 or
d.desfasoarii reac!iJ 1otoc mice
e. se depoJarizeazii la ac!iunea undelor sonore de 0ti,ce frecvenia
•cioarele urechii medii:
141 2- 0 51 unt articulate in urmiitoarea ordine: ciocanul - nicovala - sciirita
:·. ~ansmit vibrapa timpanului, pe care este prins ciocanul, membranei ferestrei ovale,
e este prinsii sciinl3 . _ . . . .
pe car c. aroplificii vibratia 1~~us_a de sune~e sl~be ~1 reduc v1brat1a mdusa de sunete putemice,
1409. Membrana bazilarii de Ia baza melcului: . tractia mu~chilor scante1, respectJv c10canulu1
a. intrii in rezonanta cu sunetele inalte con transmit
, . ttmpanu
• 1u'.· Ia membrana c1ere~1:1"e!· rotunde
b. intrii in rezonanta cu sw1etele joase P1~n
"· d. vibrat'.a
c.. provoacii indoirea. cililor
d 1·celulelor
c . senzoriale a Ie orgauul . C , atorita e. transmit vibrafta nmpanulu1 la membrana otoht1ca
rero- i,""' "'"°"'
0
sonore Joase care se transOllt en o mue1 w orti d piscutii:
d. dd.000 H, UodeJ
, . "'""'~ la w,dosooore de JOO H, '
Discu(ii:
_Conductul auditiv extern:
1413
a. conµne aer
b. comunicii cu nazofaringele
'b u·a undelor sonore ale aerului se transmite prin anumite structwi ale urechi· • c. conduce vibratia aerului la membrana timpanicii
)41 . I ra ,
0 V I Ill d. conduce vibrat:ia aerului la membrana ferestrei ovale
ordine astfel: .. · ul · - · e. couµne lantuJ de osicioare care transmit vibrat:ia ciitre timpan
rul conducntlui audit:Iv extern - nmpan - c10canul - scanµ - nicovala _
membr:;:;erestrei ovale - perilimfa din rampa vestibulara - perilimfa din rampa timpanica Discuµi:
- membrana bazilara
b. aerul conducntlui auditiv extern - timpanul - ciocanul - nicovala -sciirita _
membrana ferestrei ovale - perilimfa din rampa vestibularii - perilimfa din ran1pa timpa~ca
- endolimfa - membrana bazilara
c. aerul conductului auditiv extern - timpanul - ciocanul - sciirita - nicovala - trompa 1414. Tiropanul:
a. separii urechea extemii de nazofaringe
Jui Eustachio - perilimfa din rampa vestibulara - perilimfa din rampa timpanicii - membrana b. egalizeazii presiunea aerului din urechea medie cu cea a aerului atmosferic
reticulata c. vibreazii odatii cu vibrat:iile sonore din aerul atmosferic
d. aerul conductului auditiv extern - timpanul - ciocanul - nicovala -sciirita - d. vibreazii egal in an1bele urechi la un sunet venit din partea dreaptii a capului
membrana ferestrei ovale - perilimfa din rampa vestibularii - perilimfa din rampa timpanicii
e. vibreazii egal in an1bele urechi la un sunet venit din fa¢
- membrana Reissner
e. aerul conductului auditiv extern - timpanul - ciocanul - nicovala -sciirita - Discutii:
membrana ferestrei ovale - perilimfa din rampa vestibularii - perilimfa din ran1pa timpanicii
- lama osoasa spiralii
Discu(ii:
1415. Un sunet produs in partea dreapta a capului unei persoane:
a. ajunge deodata la an1bele timpane
b. ajunge mai repede la timpanul drept
c. produce vibtat:ia de intensitate egalii a ambelor timpane
141 l. Trompa lui Eustachio:
d. produce vibratia de intensitate mai mare a timpanului drept
a. are fonna spirala e. produce intrar~a in rezonanta a zonelor simet:Iice ale celor douii membrane bazilare
b. face comunicarca intre urechea medie si intemii £ . care este Discutii: •
c. egalizcaza prcsiunea aerului din urech;a medie cu a celui din nazo annge,
rgala cu cea atmosfcrica
323
322
 din urt11iitoarele afinnatii cu privire la analizatorul cutanat este falsii?
1416. Ariile corticale primarll ~i secundarii ale analizatorului acustic· 1420- ca;orpusculii Golg!-Mazzo~ sunt o va~eta~~ a c?rpusculilor Vat~r-Paci~
.a. transfonnii impuJswile
. . nervoase
1. sosite pe calea acusticii ·,m senzati. ~: coipuscu_lii Go!g_1-Mazzoru _sun~_Jocahzat1 11!" hipode~ul pulpe1 dege~I~1 _ _
sunet ~1 percepe senuuficapa sunetu w • a specifi , c. receptoril te~1~1 sunt terrrunatn n~i:_voase hbere, cu diametru mare ~1 nuehmzate
b. identificii direcpa sunetului
. 1 .pe baza
. diferenfei de timp si
• de mtens1tate
. . ca de d. receptorii tact1h sunt ma1 numero~1 m_teg~entul fara par
1
segmentului periferic al ana I1zatoru m acus?c . _ a stin ufa111.. e. receptorii pentru durere sunt terrrunatu nervoase Iibere, cu diametru mic ~i
c.elaboreazii reflexe
. cond1t10nate,
d. l . pnn d conexmm. cu arii vegetat·ive corti I
d. daca sunl extrrpate, nu uc a pier erea auzuJw, functiiJe. Jo r fi m. d preJ ca e 1)1ieliitizate
pe ..
cerebeloasii . . _ . uate de scoan piscul1 1:
. ..e. primesc impulsun de pe calea acusnca drrectii, proiectate difuz s1. nespec ·fi ,a
1scu111: · 1c
D
_c are din unniitoarele afirmatii_c~ privire Ia stru~tur~ epidermului sunt adeviirate?
1421 a. superficial, ep1demml prezmta un strat germmat1v
b. profund, epidermul prezintii un strat germinativ
1417. Analizatorul vestibular: c. superficial, epidermul prezintii un strat comos
a. fumizeazii infonnapi asupra pozi pei capului
b. fumizeazii infonnapi asupra pozipei diverselor segmente ale corpului d. epidennul este striibatut de vase de sange
e. epidermul contme receptorii Krause pentru sensibilitatea tactila
c. fumizeazii informapi asupra acceleraµe1 la care este supus capul
d. contribuie Ja reglarea echiJibrului, impreunii cu analizatorul kinestez1c . O . Discutii:
olfactiv, cutanat ' Pllc,
e. are segrnentul
. . .central
u1 .situat pe scoarta cerebeloasii, unde se fonn eaza_ senza"
co~tientii asupra po21pe1 cap w fla
Discupi: 22. Care din urmatoarele afirmatii cu privire la structura epidermului sunt adeviirate?
14
a. 111 epiderm nu piitrund vase de sange
b. epidermul este hriinit prin vase de siinge
c. epidermul este hriinit prin osmoza din lichidul intercelular
1418. Nucleii vestibuJari din bulb trimit fasciculul:
d: vasele de siinge din epiderm au forma unui co~ulet in jurul unor celule epiteliale
a. vestibulo-spinaJ spre miiduvii (controJeazii tonusul cortical) e. epidermul contme terminatii nervoase libere
b. vestibulo-tamamic spre talamus (controleazii mi~ciirile globilor oculari) Discuµi:
c. vestibulo-cerebeJos spre cerebeJ (controJeazii echilibru1 static ~i dinamic)
d. vestibulo-nuclear, spre nucleii nervilor optici
e. vestibulo-nuclear, spre nucleii nervilor III, IV, VI si VII
Discuµi: '
1423. Care din urmiitoarele afirmatii- cu privire la analizatorul cutanat este adeviiratii?
a. epidermul este un epiteliu pluristratificat nekeratinizat
b. epidermul este un epiteliu unistratificat keratinizat
c. epidermul este un epiteliu bistratificat parakeratinizat
1419. CeJuJeJe senzoriaJe din receptorii vestibulari: d. epidermul este un epiteliu pluristratificat keratinizat
a. din cresteJe ampuJare descarcii impulsuri la apiisarea otolitelor e. epidermul este un epiteliu pluristratificat parakeratinizat
b. din macula utricuJei descarcii impulsuri la illCJinarea cupolei gelatinoase . Discuµi :
c. din creasra ampularii a canalului semicircular sagital descarcii impulsuri la inclmarea
capuJui inainte
d. dm macula sacuJei descarcii impulsuri la para~uti~tii aflati ill cadere liberii
e. dm macula utricuJei nu descarcii impulsuri ill timpul somnului
Discu~i:
l424. Selectati afirmaµile adevarate cu privire la structura dermului:
a. dennul este fonnat din trei straturi
324 325
 ----.;,.
b. demrnl cuprinde un strat spre epiderm numit demi papilar fibrele intrafusale sunt con(inute intr-o capsulii conjunctiva ~i dispuse perpendicular
c. epidcmiul ~i hipodemrnl fac parte din structura dennului C,
d. structura dermului cuprinde stratul papilar ~i stratul reticular exr.rafusale
pc celed ortiunea centralli con(ine nuclei
e. in stratul papilar se aflii papilele dem1ice c.· ~s~le neuromusculare con(in 5-10 fibre musculare modificate
DiscuJii:
1425. Selecta(i afinnapile false referitoare la receptorii cutanati: C re din urmatoarele afinna(ii referitoare la analizatorul olfactiv sunt adevarate?
a. in hipodenn se giisesc corpusculii Yater-Pacini ' J429- / receptorii ocupii_p~rtea anteroinferi?arli a fosel~r nazale
b. corpusculii Meissner ~i discurile Merkel sunt localizap in part b. receptorii olfact1v~ sunt reprez_en~t1 de ~elu~e b,1p~l~re care au rol ~i de prim neuron
dennului . . .• ea supeJioara a axonul celuielor b1polare prezmta o vez1cula nunuta buton olfactiv
c. corpusculii Ruffim sunt s1tuap m partea profunda a dennului ~: axonii celulelor bipolare se inmlinuncheazii pentru a forma nervii olfactivi
d. corpusculii Meissner, Krause ~i Ruffmi se afla in hipodenn aria olfactivli este localizata la nivelul lobului temporal
e.
e. corpusculii Meissner ~i discurile Merkel se gasesc in hipodenn
Discu\ii:
Discufii:
0. care din urmlitoarele papile gustative nu con(in muguri gustativi?
143
_Care din unniitoarele afinnatii cu ~rivire la alcatuirea analizatorilor sunt false? a. papilele filiforme
1426
a. fiecare anaJizator este alcatwt dm tre1 segmente b. papilelele foliate
b· segmentul . . poate percepe mai multe forme de energii din mediuJ extem sau
_ periferic c. papilele fungifonne
intern sub forma de snmuh d. papilele calicifonne
. .
'c segmentuJ intem1ediar este format din ciiile nervoase prin care impulsuJ nerv
transmis la scoaiµ cerebrala
m• e. papilele circumvalate
Discu~i:
d. segmentul intermediar este format din cai ascendente directe ~i indirecte prin c
impulsul nervos este transmis la maduva spinarii are
e. segmentul central este reprezentat de aria din scoarpi cerebrala la care ajunge calea
de conducere J431. Unnatoarele enunturi referitoare la analizatorul gustativ sunt adevlirate, cu exceptia:
Discupi: a. mugurii gustativi au formli ovoidala
b. mugurii gustativi con(in celule senzoriale care prezintii la popul apical un microvil
c. la polul bazal al celulelor sosesc terminatii nervoase ale nervilor faciali,
glosofaringieni ~i vagi
d. protoneuronul caii se afli'i in ganglionii nervilor enumerati
1427. in piele se giisesc unniitoarele tipuri de receptori:
e. deutoneuronul ci'iii se afli'i la nivelul puntii
a. olfactivi
DiscuJ:ii:
b. tennici
c. tactili
d. vcstibulari
c. durero~i
DiscuJii: 1432. SelectaJ:i enunturile adeviirate referitoare la structura urechii inteme:
a. labirintul o;os este fonnat dintr-un sistem de camere situate in interiorul labirintului
membranos
b. labirintul osos este fonnat din douii cavitiiti: utricula si sacula
c. utricula este situatii in partea superioari'i a ~estibulului, iar sacula, sub utriculi'i
1428 Care din unniito:ire/e afinnaJii cu privire la fusurile neuromusculare nu este adevaratii? d. labirintul osos este fonnat din vestibulul osos, canale semicirculare ~i melc osos
a fu_<urile neuromusculare sunt fibre musculare modificate, numite fibre intrafusale
n portiunilc rerifcricc sunt contractile, iar porfiunea centralii, necontractilii
327
326
 -~
e. labirinn1l membranos este fomiat d.i.ntr-un sistem de camere •
111
labirintului
. .. osos ' situate ~. e ·
1scur11: tioru1
D
eretele globului ocular este format din un11iitoarele tunici, cu exceptia:
1437- p tunica extema, fibroasa
1433. Care din wn1aroarele afm11aµi este falsii ? a. tunica medie, vasculara
a. vestibulul membranos b. nJnica muscuIara-
,.... . - este Ifolllla
. t din trei ca.nale sem icrrculare
· .
::r
b. din partea llllenoara a sacu e1 pome~te ca.nalul cohl membnu c. -
d. nJnica intema _
' ;, '"''"'' " ' '""''' O,rtl " " " ' " tun""' o,m OU- " " ' ' " ' " ' " . . .
d. tunelul esre rra vers~t de fibre!: dendrince ale neuron.ilor din . Corti
e. nJnica mucoasa
pjscu~i:
. ..e. pe laturile tunelulw Corti se gasesc celule de sustinere
, ganghonu] s •
Pu-al C
%
D
_urmatoarele afinn_atii_s~t adevarate, cu ~xcept~a: .
1438 a. membrana bazdara ~1 membrana vesnbulara Re1ssner cornpartimenteaza lumenul
ului s in rampa vestibulara, canalul cohlear ~i rampa timpanica
. Care din unnaroarele afumapi . privi.nd anal.izatorul
. _ _ _acustico-vesticular
• sunt adev· 0 50
1434 a. urechea medie este o cav1tate pneumanca sapata m sta.nca mastoid • _ arate? J))e1c b. rampele vestibulara ~i timpanica con!,in endolimfa
c. canalul cohlear este situat intre membrana bazilara, rnembrana vestibulara ~i peretele
b. peretele lateral al urech.ii medi.i este reprezentat de timpan iana
c. peretele medial al urechii _medii prezinta fereastra ova Iii ~.i fereastra rotund· tern al melcului osos
ex d. rampa timpanica este situatii deasupra membranei bazilare
d. Ja niveluJ peretelw postenor se deschide trompa lw Eustachio a
e. Jama spirala prezintii un spaJ:iu liber-helicotrema
_ . e. urechea intema conpne in interiorul siiu un !ant de osc.ioare: ciocan111 . rucovala
, 51·
Viscuµi:
scanra '
Discufii:
!439. Mediile refringente ale globului ocular sunt reprezentate de:
a. retina
1435. Labirintul osos al urechii inteme este format din: b. umoare apoasa ~i corp vitros
a. canal cohlear c. comee
b. canale semirculare osoase d. sclerotica
c. melc osos e.cristalin
d. vestibuJ osos Discuµi :
e. organ Corti
Discufii:
1440. ldentificati afomatia falsii dintre enunturue de maijos:
a. retina prezinta douii regiuni importante: pata galbena (macula lutea) ~i pata oarba
b. pata oarbii este situatii medial ~i inferior de pata galbena
c. pata oarbii reprezinta locul de ie~ire a nervului optic din globul ocular ~i de intrare a
1436. SeJectaµ enuntul neadevarat cu privire la analizatorul acustico-vestibular:
a. vestibulul membranos este format din doua cavitafi: utricula ~i sacula arterelor
d. glocului ocular
pata oarbii conµne mai putine elemente fotoreceptoare decat pata galbena .
b. utricula este situata in partea superioara ~i sacula, sub utriculii
e. bastona~ele sunt adaptate pentru vederea noctwnii, iar celulele cu comm sunt
c. in utricula se desc!lid ceJe trei canale semicirculare membranoase ._
d. fi ccare canal scmircular se deschide la o extremitate a sa printr-o dilatatie numita adaptate pentru vederea diuma
ampula Discuµi:
e. in interioml vestibulului membranos se gase~te perilimfa
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 . bulbii firului de pi'ir
0
d. firele de pi'ir
e. vascle de slinge
I441. Fiecarc analizator este alciituit din um1iitoarclc segmcntc:
11. d0ar perife1ic ~i intemiediar
b. pcrife1ic
c. intem1ediar
d. central 6. J-{ipo~e~ul est_e alcatuit din.
e. doar central 144 a. ep1tehu pJunstratificat keratinizat
Discutii: b. tesut conjunctiv lax
c. ~eiule adipoase
d. tesut conjunctiv dens
e. fibre de colagen
I442. Pielea cuprinde unniitoarele straturi: piscu{ii:
a. epidennul
b. demrnl
c. hipodennul
d. stratul genninativ
47, in hipoderm se gasesc:
e. stratul comos 14
a. bulbul firului de par
Discutii: b. firele de par, mtotalitate
c. glomerulii glandelor sudoripare
d. canalele glandelor exocrine
e. corpusculii Yater-Pacini
1443. Stratul lipsit de vascularizape al pielii este: Discuµi :
a. stratul genninativ
b. dennuJ
c. stratul reticular
d. epidennuJ 1448. Receptorii pentru stimuli termici (cald ~i rece) sunt:
e. hipodennuJ
a. corpuscuJii Meissner
Discupi:
b. corpusculii Ruffini
c. corpusculiiK.rause
d. corpusculii Yater-Pacini
e. discurile Merkel
1444. fn demrnJ pieJii se giisesc: DiscuJ:ii:
a. vase de siinge
b. vase limfatice
c. tennina!ii nervoase
d. ceJuJe adipoase
e. buJbii firelor de par 1449. Cei mai mari corpusculi ai sensibilitatii sunt:
Discufii: a. corpusculii Ruffini
b. discurile Merkel
c. corpusculii Yater-Pacini
d. corpusculii Krause
e. corpusculii Meissner
14-45. Anexe/c cutanalc ale dcnnu/ui cuprind: Discutii:
a. cana/e/e glandclor endocrine
b. canalc/e g/andclor exocrint:
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330
 ---....
d- notoJleuronului y
1
e. sisteinului nervos central
1450. Receptorii de la nivelul fetei:
a. fac parte din categoria mecano-receptorilor
b. sunt localiza\i in derm
c. sunt localiza\i numai in hipoderm
d. sunt localiza\i nurnai in epiderm -1 _Receptorii kinestezici sunt situati in:
e. sunt mai numero~i in tegumentele cu par
1 55 a. rnu~chi, articulatii '
Discu\ii: b. tendoane, ligamente
c. doar ligamente
d. periost
e. nici o varianta nu este corectii
piscu\ii:
1451. Receptorii tem1ici:
a. sunt temiinapi nervoase libere mielinizate
b. sunt terminal-ii nervoase libere nemielinice
c. sunt receptori pentru rece ~i cald
d. receptorii pentru rece ii depa~esc numeric pe cei pentru 6. Receptorii kinestezici (corpusculii Yater-Pacini) se gasesc in:
e. fac parte din categoria mecanoreceptorilor cald 145
a. rn~chi
Discu\ii: b. tendoane
c. ]igarnente
d. periost
e. articula\ii
Discu(ii:
1452. Receptorii pentru durere: .. . . . ..
a sunt stimulati numai de factoru mecaruc1 ~1 terrruc1
b.. sunt stimulati' de factori mecanici, termici, chimici
c sunt terminatii nervoase libere
d:persistenta stimulului poate duce la cre~terea in intensitate a senzaµei J457. Proprioreceptorii analizatorului kinestezic pot fi:
e. persistenta stimulului poate duce la scaderea in intensitate a senzatiei a. corpusculii Yater-Pacini
Discuµi : b. corpusculii neurotendino~i Golgi
c. corpusculii Meisner
d. corpusculii Ruffini
e. corpusculii Krause
Discu(ii:
1453. Suprafata campului receptor:
a. este in raport direct proporµonal cu densitatea receptorilor din regiune
b. este in raport invers proporµonal cu tipul receptorilor din regiune
c. este in raport invers proporµonal cu densitatea receptorilor din regiune
d. este in raport invers proporµonal cu tipul receptorilor stimulati
1458. Corpusculii neurotendinosi Golgi:
e. este in raport direct propof!ional cu tipul receptorilor stimulati a. sunt situati la jonctiun~a mu~chi-tendon
Discuµi: '
b. sunt situati in capsula articulara
c. au rol in prevenirea relaxiirii musculare
d. ajuta la prevenirea contractiei musculare excesive
e. informeazii asupra alungirii
Discutii:
1454. Desfa~urarea normala a activitaµi motorii necesita infonnarea pennanentii a:
a. sistemului nervos periferic
b. oumai a maduvei spinarii
c. motoncuronului a
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1459. Despre fusuriJe neuromusculare sunt adevarate unnatnarek:
a. sunt diseminate printre fibrele muscuJare netede
b. sw1t diseminate printre fibreJe muscuJare striate
c. au inervafie numai senzitivii
d. au inervafie numai motorie
e. au inervafie senzitivii ~i motorie
siintul ruirosului este:
Discufii: t 464 . a. [oarte
• bine dezvoltat la om
b. bine dezvoltat la om
c. slab dezvoltat la om
d. [oarte slab dezvoltat la om
e. nici o variantii nu este corectii
1460. Inervafia senzitivii a fusurilor neuromusculare esre asiguratii de:
a. talamus Discufii:
b. tractul spino-talamic lateral
c. motoneuronul a
d. motoneuronuJ y
e. ganglionuJ spinal 65. Receptorii analizat?rului olfactiv sunt:
Discuµi : 14 a. mecanorecepton
b. situati in partea postero-superioara a foselor nazale
c. au rol de prim neuron
d. termoreceptori
e. chemoreceptori
1461. lnervafia motorie a fusurilor neuromusculare este:
a. axonii neuronilor a din comul anterior al miiduvei Discu(ii:
b. axonii neuronilor a din comul posterior a] miiduvei
c. axonii neuronilor y din comul anterior al miiduvei
d. axonii neuronilor y din cornul posterior al miiduvei
e. ganglionuJ spinal 1466. Urmiitoarele enuntufi despre receptorii analizatorului olfactiv sunt adevarate
Discupi: a. sunt celule multipolare
b. sunt celule bipolare
c. au o dendrita lunga ~i subtire
d. dendritele celulelor nu sunt previizute cu cili
e. se terminii in bulbul olfactiv
1462. Sensibilitatea kinestezicii este condusii prin:
Discu(ii: ,
a. fascicule spinocerebeloase ventra]e
b. fascicule spinocereleloase dorsale
c. fascicule spinobulbare
d. tract spinotalarnic ventral
1467. Analizatorul gustativ:
e. tract spinotalarnic lateral
Discufii: a. are rol in informarea asupra temperaturii alimentelor
b. are rol in informarea asupra cantitatii alimentelor
c. are rol in informarea asupra calitatii alimentelor
d. intervine in declan~area reflexii neconditionata a secretiei glandelor digestive
e. intervine in declansarea reflexii conditionata a secretiei glandelor digestive
Discuµi: · ' ·
463. Corpusculii kinestezici Ruffini:
a. se giisesc in stratul superficial al capsulei articulare
b. recepfioneaz.i poziµa ~i rni~ciirile din articulaµi
c. stmt identici cu cei din piele
d. sunt situa fi la jouqiunea mu~cl1i tendon
1468. Mugurii gustativi sunt situati la nivelul papilelor gustative:
c. sun t stimulari de intinderea puternica a tendonului a. doar caliciforme '
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