Larissa Vian Geminiano

Ivan Phillip Roque

 The term aneurysm is derived from the Greek word
Aneurysma meaning “a widening”

 An aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized

dilatation of artery having at least a 50% increase in
diameter compared with the expected normal
diameter

 Normal arterial diameter is dependent on age, gender,

body size and other factors
 ECTASIA above normal
 Arterial dilatation less than 50%
 Saccular Aneurysm
 Spherical in shape and involve only a portion of the
vessel wall, they vary in size and are often filled either
partially or fully by a thrombus

 Fusiform Aneurysm
 A localized dilation of an artery in which the entire
circumference of the vessel is distended. The result is an
elongated, tubular or spindle like swelling.
 Small aneurysm that looks like a berry and classically
occurs at the point at which a cerebral artery departs
from the circular artery (the circle of Willis) at the
base of the brain. Berry aneurysms frequently
rupture and bleed
 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
 Cerebral Aneurysm
 Thoracic Aneurysm
 Renal Aneurysm
 An aortic aneurysm is a weakened or bulging area on
the wall of the aorta.
 A problem with the aorta can quickly become a serious
medical emergency. Serious problems with the aorta
may include:
 Aortic Aneurysm – which may occur in either the chest
or anywhere along the aorta such as lower in the
abdomen
 Aortic Dissection - An aortic dissection is a split
between the layers of the aorta that traps blood coming
from the heart
 Rupture: The weakened or ballooned area may
develop a hole, called a rupture, that allows blood to
leak or burst out into the body.
 Dissection: The blood pumped forcefully through the
aorta can split the layers of the artery wall, allowing a
build-up of blood to continually leak into the space,
which further splits the artery wall.
 Increase blood pressure
 the increased force of blood can weaken the artery walls
 Genetic conditions
 such as Marfan’s Syndrome: that causes problems in the body’s
ability to make healthy connective tissue
 Inflamed arteries
 Trauma such as car accidents, certain diseases, and conditions like
vasculitis can cause the body’s blood vessels to become inflamed
 Atherosclerosis
 a build-up of plaque may cause increased inflammation in and
around the aorta and other blood vessels
 Smoking
 People with a history of smoking are 3 to 5 times more likely to
develop an aortic aneurysm
 Chest pain and jaw pain
 Sudden stabbing
 Radiating pain
 Fainting
 Difficulty breathing
 Sudden weakness on one side
 Hoarseness
 Swallowing problems
 Nausea and vomiting
 Rapid heart rate
 Sense of impending doom
 An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs when the large
blood vessel (the aorta) that supplies blood to the
abdomen, pelvis and legs becomes abnormally large or
balloons outward.
 Pulsatile/ pulsating abdominal mass
 Forms from the middle layer of the artery is weakened,
producing a stretching effect in the inner layer and
outer layers of the artery
 As the aneurysm grows, rhe risk of RUPTURE
INCREASES
 Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of all
aneurysm with Hypertension and Cigarette smoking
 Most are asymptomatic
 Steady with growing quality abdominal, flank or
abdominal pain
 With rupturing abdominal aortic anuerysm
 Abdominal Xray
 Ct Scan
 Ultrasound every month
 Aortograph- Aortography involves placement of a
catheter in the aorta and injection of contrast material
while taking X-rays of the aorta.
 Nonsurgical MGT:
 Goal is to monitor the growth of the aneurysm and
maintaining pf BP at a normal level to lower risk of
rupture
 With hypertension; treated with antihypertensive agents
 Surgical MGT:
 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Resection
 Excision of anuerysm from the abdominal aorta to prevent or
repair the rupture
 To secure a stable aortic integrity and tissue perfusion
throughout the body
 occur when the wall of a blood vessel in the brain
becomes weakened and bulges or balloons out
 The most common, a "berry aneurysm," is more
common in adults. It can range in size from a few
millimeters to more than a centimeter. A family history
of multiple berry aneurysms may increase your risk.
Unruptured Ruptured
 Pain above and behind one  Sudden, extremely severe
eye headache
 A dilated pupil  Nausea and vomiting
 Change in vision or double  Stiff neck
vision  Blurred or double vision
 Numbness of one side of  Sensitivity to light
the face  Seizure
 A drooping eyelid
 Loss of consciousness
 Confusion
 The causes of brain aneurysm are unknown, but a
range of factors may increase your risk
 Older age
 Cigarette smoking
 High blood pressure (hypertension)
 Drug abuse, particularly the use of cocaine
 Heavy alcohol consumption
 Risk factors present at birth
 Inherited connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, that
weaken blood vessels
 Polycystic kidney disease, an inherited disorder that results in fluid-filled
sacs in the kidneys and usually increases blood pressure
 Abnormally narrow aorta (coarctation of the aorta), the large blood vessel
that delivers oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body
 Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (brain AVM), an abnormal connection
between arteries and veins in the brain that interrupts the normal flow of blood
between them
 Family history of brain aneurysm, particularly a first-degree relative, such as
a parent, brother, sister, or child
 Re- bleeding
 Hydrocephalus
 Vasospasm
 Hyponatremia
 CT Scan
 Cerebrospinal fluid test
 MRI
 Cerebral Angiogram
 Surgery (unruptured)
 Surgical clipping is a procedure to close off an
aneurysm. The neurosurgeon removes a section of your
skull to access the aneurysm and locates the blood
vessel that feeds the aneurysm. Then he or she places a
tiny metal clip on the neck of the aneurysm to stop
blood flow to it.
 Endovascular coiling is a less invasive procedure than
surgical clipping. The surgeon inserts a hollow plastic
tube (catheter) into an artery, usually in your groin, and
threads it through your body to the aneurysm.
 Treatments for ruptured aneurysm
 Pain relievers
 Calcium Channel Blockers
 Interventions to prevent stroke from insufficient
blood flow include intravenous injections of a drug
called a vasopressor, which elevates blood pressure to
overcome the resistance of narrowed blood vessels
 Anti seizure medications
 A thoracic aortic aneurysm is an abnormal bulging or
ballooning of the portion of the aorta the passes
through the chest. The most common cause is
atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries
 Atherosclerosis
 Genetic factors
 Other medical conditions. Inflammatory
conditions, such as giant cell arteritis
 Untreated infection
 Traumatic injury
 Tenderness or pain in the chest
 Back pain
 Hoarseness
 Cough
 Shortness of breath
 Advanced age
 Tobacco use
 High Blood Pressure
 Atherosclerosis
 Family History
 Marfan syndrome- Marfan syndrome is an inherited
disorder that affects connective tissue — the fibers
that support and anchor your organs and other
structures in your body. Marfan syndrome most
commonly affects the heart, eyes, blood vessels and
skeleton.
 Sudden, intense and persistent chest or back pain
 Pain that radiates to your back
 Trouble breathing
 Low blood pressure
 Loss of consciousness
 Shortness of breath
 Trouble swallowing
 Weakness or paralysis of one side of the body,
difficulty speaking, or other signs of stroke
 Chest Xray
 Echocardiogram
 CT Scan
 MRI
 Medications
 Beta blockers
 Angiotensin II receptor blockers
 Statins
 Aortic Surgery
 A renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is defined as a dilated
segment of renal artery that exceeds twice the
diameter of a normal renal artery.
 The most common cause of renal artery stenosis is a
buildup of fatty deposits called plaque. It can happen
in either or both renal arteries. This is often called
"hardening of the arteries," or atherosclerosis. The
buildup can narrow the artery and reduce blood flow
to the kidneys.
 Renal artery stenosis can also be caused by
fibromuscular dysplasia. This is a condition in which
some of the cells that line the renal arteries grow or
don't develop the right way. This growth can cause the
arteries to narrow.
 Older age.
 Female sex.
 Atherosclerosis.
 High blood pressure, especially new high blood
pressure in an older person.
 Smoking.
 High cholesterol.
 Diabetes.
 generally asymptomatic.
 hypertension may be present in up to 90 percent of
persons with a renal artery aneurysm.
 dissecting aneurysms (caused by a tear in the inner
layer of the artery wall) may cause flank pain and
blood in the urine.
 Doppler ultrasound. High-frequency sound waves help
your doctor see the arteries and kidneys and check
their function
 Computerized tomography (CT) scan
 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
 Renal arteriography.
 Large aneurysms of the main renal artery may
be treated by way of excision with primary repair (A)
or excluded by endovascular means using a covered
stent graft (B). A, Distal aorto-renal bypass may be
appropriate for segmental renal artery
aneurysms (RAAs)