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Periodic Trends
Trends in Reactivity
Decreases Increases
Li
Decreases
Increases
Na
K
Trends in Reactivity
Decreases Most Reactive NonMetal
Increases
Li F
Decreases
Increases
Na
Fr
1. Mg or Sr ?
2. K or Ca ?
3. Cl or I ?
4. Si or S ?
Arranging the Periodic Table
6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2 23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 40.0
K
Arranging the Periodic Table
Later realized each column also has same # of
valence electrons
It is valence electron arrangement that
determines properties of an element
Mendeleev
Li
Focus on
attractions between
nucleus and Na
valence electrons
K
Trends in Attractions
Moving down a column
Li
Which element
has a stronger hold
on its Na
valence electron?
K
Trends in Attractions
Moving down a column
Close to nucleus Li
Strongest
Attraction
Na
Least Shielding Li
Strongest
Attraction
Na
Most Shielding K
Weakest
Attraction
Trends in Attractions
Moving down a column
Li
Strongest
Attraction
As you move
Na
Down a column,
the attraction …….
K
Weakest
Attraction
Trends in Attractions
Moving across a row
C N O
Trends in Attractions
Moving across a row
C N O
Strongest
Weakest Attraction
C N O
Attraction
6 7 8
Protons Protons Protons
F or Cl ? Li
Na
Going down any column,
the atoms get bigger because you
are adding energy levels
K
Which atom is bigger?
C or O ?
C N O
6 7 8
Protons Protons Protons
What happens to
the size of an
atom when an
electron is
added? Why?
Trends in Sizes of Ions of Different
Elements
Whois bigger K or Cl ?
Compare the two ions
Protons Electrons
K+ 19 18
Cl- 17 18
Which element is bigger?
1. Mg or Mg+2 ?
2. Se or Se-2
3. Ca or Ca+2
4. Fe+2 or Fe+3
5. * O-2 and F-1
6. * Sr+2 and Br-1
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Does the graph for row 2 appear as
the trends predict?
What Groups have higher
ionization energies than expected?
Draw Orbital Notation for:
Group II: Mg
Why do you think these
groups have higher
Group V: N
ionization energies than
expected?
d10 Group: Zn
Electron Affinity
Energy change that occurs when you add
an electron to an atom
What charge will it have ?
-
+ e-