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Correction
Correction
To provide georeferencing
To mosaic images
The main source of geometric error in satellite data is satellite path orientation (non-polar)
Sources of geometric error (main ones in bold)
a. Systematic distortions
Scan skew: ground swath is not normal to the polar axis – along with
the forward motion of the platform during mirror sweep
Mirror-scan Velocity and panoramic distortion: along-scan distortion (pixels at edge are slightly larger). This would be
greater for off-nadir sensors.
Earth rotation: earth rotates during scanning (offset of rows).... (122 pixels per Landsat scene)
b. Non-systematic distortions
Resampling - resetting the pixels (rows and columns) to match the GCPs
Rectification
Data pixels must be related to ground locations, e.g. in UTM coordinates
a.Nearest Neighbour
Pixel in new grid gets
the value of closest
pixel from old grid –
retains original DNs
b. Bilinear Interpolation
New pixel gets a value
from the weighted
average of 4 (2 x 2)
nearest pixels;
smoother but ‘synthetic’
c. Cubic Convolution
(smoothest)
New pixel DNs are
computed from
weighting 16 (4 x 4)
surrounding DNs
http://www.geo-informatie.nl/courses/grs20306/course/Schedule/Geometric-correction-RS-new.pdf
Resampling
http://www.geo-informatie.nl/courses/grs20306/course/Schedule/Geometric-correction-RS-new.pdf
http://geology.wlu.edu/harbor/geol260/lecture_notes/Notes_rs_haze.html
Atmospheric Interference: clouds
clouds affect all visible and IR bands, hiding features twice: once with the
cloud, once with its shadow. We CANNOT eliminate clouds, although we
might be able to assemble cloud-free parts of several overlapping scenes (if
illumination is similar), and correct for cloud shadows (advanced).
where Lmax and Lmin are known from the sensor calibration.
http://ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/optical/landcover2000_e.php
More on Principal Components Analysis ….
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