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FLOWABILITY (Ilearn)
FLOWABILITY (Ilearn)
LILI FITRIANI
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=ccc26E3fZo
Introduction
Approximately 80% of pharmaceutical products and the
ingredients required for their manufacture are in powder form
Many of these processes require good, consistent and
predictable flow to ensure quality products.
The solid dosage form (tablets and capsules) is manufactured
by either dry-blending of fine powder ingredients or
combining the ingredients in a wet granulation step, followed
by drying.
Various powder flow problems are commonly encountered in
industries handling fine powders.
Powder Flow
Where:
h is the vertical distance between the base of the pile to
the apex
r is the radius of the base of the pile.
d. Flow Through an Orifice and the
Critical Orifice Diameter
Flow through an orifice was traditionally measured discretely by
measuring either the time required for a given mass/volume of
powder to flow through the orifice or the mass/volume of powder to
flow through the orifice in a given time period
The mean flow rate can then be calculated either as mass or
volume per unit time.
The greatest limitation of such measurements is the inability to profile
any inconsistent flow patterns of the powder
the use of an electronic powder flowmeter which utilized a
calibrated electronic strain gauge connected to a chart recorder
e. Powder Rheometer
The apparent “rheological” properties of powders
In the example of the FT4 Powder Rheometer®, a helical blade is used. The
instrument works by continuously measuring the required torque to rotate the blade
at a constant rate as the blade is moved through the powder either in the
downward or upward direction.
In general, the more cohesive the powder, the more torque is required to
continuously rotate the blade at a constant rate through the powder.
This is because cohesive powders contain stronger inter-particle forces and higher
friction between adjacent particles; ergo the powder provides more resistance to
flow.
The opposite is true for free-flowing powders. That is, free-flowing powders have
weaker inter-particles forces and lower friction between adjacent particles and thus
require less torque to cause the powder to flow.
FT4 system One of the advantages claimed for the FT4 system is the automated
pre-conditioning of the sample prior to testing
f. Shear Cells – FT 4
Jenike recognized the importance of the consolidation effect on powder flow
and also the lack of flow measurements that took such considerations into
account
POWDER FLOW AND THE
MANUFACTURING/
PERFORMANCE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
A. Capsule Filling
Video
Wet Granulation
c. Tablet Manufacture by Direct Compression
d. Performance of Dry Powder Inhalers
CONCLUSION…???