 Space Science encompasses all of the

scientific disciplines that involve:-

 Space exploration.
 Study of Astronomy.
 Celestial bodies occurring in outer space.
 Space Exploration is the discovery and
exploration of celestial structures in outer
space by means of evolving and growing
space technology.
 Space technology refers to satellites and
manned rockets like Sputnik 1, Apollo 11,
Vostok 1 etc.
 It was called milky way the only galaxy and
universe until in 1924, Edwin Hubble saw
some different, similar to a galaxy in the
nebula through his telescope.
 We have till now explored a lot of space but
still it might be just 0.1-0.5% of the actual
universe.
 During the early era of space it was a cold
war, a space race between Soviet Union and
U.S.A.
 The first man-made object to orbit earth was
Sputnik-1 of Soviet Union, on 4 October,1957.
 First moon landing was of U.S.A by Apollo-11,
20 July,1969.
Sputnik-1 Apollo-11
 The Soviets achieved a lot of first milestones
like:-
 First living being in orbit in 1957 the dog
Laika.
 The first human aboard on spaceflight in
1961, by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok-1.
 The first human to spacewalk on 18 march
1965, Aleksei Leonov.
 Along with these soviet, got the first space
station launched in 1971, Salyut-1.
 The U.S created history when they the first
human took step on moon Neil Armstrong on
20 July,1969.
 The first telescope to be launched into space
was Hubble space telescope on 24 April
1990 by Space Shuttle Discovery [STS-31].
 Blackholes
 The first black hole was observed by Karl
Schwarzchild in 1916.
 A black hole has so strong gravitational
effect that light also cannot escape from it.
 A black hole has a part in it the Event
Horizon in which if something enters it never
comes back.
 A black hole is formed when a certain type of
star dies.
 The explosion of the dead star makes a black
hole.
 We cannot see a black hole with our naked
eyes because as it absorbs light no light is
reflected back due to which we are unable to
see black hole.
 White Hole
 In general relativity, a white hole is a
hypothetical region of space time which
cannot be entered from outside.
 Light and matter can easily escape from it.
 There are no evidences how white holes are
formed.
 The idea of white hole was kept in front by
Igor Novikov in 1964.
 A White Hole totally acts opposite of a Black
Hole.
 Like Black Holes, white holes have also
properties like mass, charge and angular
momentum.
 They also attract matter like any other mass
but an object falling towards a white hole
will never reach its event horizon.
 Wormhole
 A wormhole or [Einstein-Rosen Bridge] is a
speculative structure linking disparate points
in spacetime.
 It is based on special solution of the Einstein
field equations solved using a Jacobin matrix
and determinant.
 A wormhole can be called a tunnel
connecting two points.
 Super Nova
 A super nova is an event which occurs upon
death of a certain star.
 Super nova are more energetic than nova.
 The most recent directly observed supernova
in Milky Way was Kelper’s supernova in 1604.
 The word supernova was coined by Walter
Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1931.
 After supernova the remnants, shell of gas
and dust move at almost 30000 km/s or at
10% speed of light.
 Furthermore, expanding shock waves from
supernova can trigger the formation of new
stars.
 Galaxy
 A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of
stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust
and dark matter.
 Galaxies are categorized according to their
visual morphology as elliptical, spiral and
irregular.
 Many galaxies are thought to have super
massive black holes at their centers.
 The Milky Way’s black hole at the centre
Sagittarius A, has a mass 4 million times that
of sun.
 Most of the galaxies are approximately 3000-
300000 light years in diameter. The nearest
galaxy to milky way is Andromeda galaxy 2.5
million light years away.
 Galaxies were initially discovered
telescopically and were known as spiral
nebula.
 Most of 18th and 19th Century astronomers
considered them as either unresolved star
clusters or an agalactic nebulae.
 The true composition and nature of Milky
Way remains a mystery.
 Planets
 A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a
star or stellar remnant that is massive
enough to be rounded by it’s own gravity.
 The eight known planets are Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune.
 There is also a dwarf planet Pluto.
 Every planet has its own natural satellite its
moon except Mercury, Venus.
 The planets were thought by Ptolemy to
orbit Earth in different in different and
epicycle motions.
 It was in 17th century when Galileo Galilei
proved that the planets orbit around the Sun
with the help of first telescopic astronomical
observation.
 As of 1 January 2019, 3946 known extrasolar
planets in 2945 planetary systems have been
discovered, out of which more than 100
planets are about same size as earth and
some gas giants are twice the mass of
Jupiter.