Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Type of helminthiasis
Intestinal
ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides
ankilostomiasis N. americanus, A
duodenale
taeniasis T. solium, T saginata
trichuriasis Trichuris trichiura
Oxyuriasis Oxyuris vermicularis
blood/ tissue
filariasis W. bancrofti, B. malayi,
dst.
schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni,
hepatic worm F. hepatica
Soil transmitted nematodes
Helminthiasis 3
Epidemiologi (burdens and trends)
Helminthiasis 4
Epidemiology
• direct
– Trichuris trichiura
– Enterobius vermicularis
• modified direct
– Ascaris lumbricoides
– Toxocara canis
• penetrating the skin
– Ancylostoma duodenale
– Strongiloides stercoralis (also direct)
Helminthiasis 6
Oxiuriasis & Trichuriasis
~ etiologi, epidemiologi
predisposisi
– anak
Helminthiasis 7
O. vermicularis & T. trichiura ~ siklus hidup
paru
usus
halus
telur
Helminthiasis 8
Oxiuriasis ~ gambaran klinik, diagnosis
• Pruritus ani
– dd/ jamur, alergi, piskosomatik
• Anoreksia
• gizi kurang
• irritable (anak)
• vaginitis
• iritasi --> mual, muntah, mencret
• komplikasi: appendisitis, penyebaran intra famili
diagnosis
• telur cacing (tinja, swab)
• sedikit eosinofilia
Helminthiasis 9
Oxiuriasis ~ pengobatan
Umum
• terapi keluarga
• kebersihan kuku dan pribadi
• hygiene & sanitasi
Spesifik
• Allbendazole, adult 400 mg, single dose
• Mebendazole, 100 mg, single dose
• Pyrantel palmoate 10mg/kgbw, single dose)
Helminthiasis 10
Trichuriasis ~ gejala klinik dan diagnosis
• Diagnosis
– telur di tinja
Helminthiasis 11
Trichuriasis ~ terapi
• Deferensial diagnosis:
– Cacing lain,
– Disentri
• Antihelmintik
– Mebendazole 600mg, single oral dose
– Albendazole 400 mg, single oral dose
Suportive
• Nutrisi
• hygiene
• suplementasi besi
Helminthiasis 12
Askariasis
Helminthiasis 13
Askariasis ~ etiologi, epidemiologi
• Askaris lumbricoides
• cacing terbanyak pada manusia (25 % infected)
• penyebaran geografis /epidemiologi: seluruh
dunia
predisposisi
– sanitasi buruk
– iklim panas
Helminthiasis 14
Askariasis ~ life cycle
telur
paru
usus
halus
Helminthiasis 15
Ascariasis ~ Clinical symptoms
Helminthiasis 16
Ascaris ~ other effects & complication
Immunopathological effects
– Sensitivity, anal pruritus, vomiting, glottis edema
– High IgE
Indirect effects
– relation of ascariasis to poiomyelitis
Nutritional relationships
– Protein energy malnutrition
– Vitamin A deficiency --> night blindness
– Low vitamin C.
Helminthiasis 17
Ascaris ~ diagnosis, and dd/
Diagnosis
– Eggs in faeces / stool
– Serological diagnosis less value
• Lack of correlation with infection burden
• Cross reaction to other helminths
Deferential diagnosis
– Pulmonary symptoms resemble other pulmonary infections
– Larva ascariasis must be distinguished with toxocara,
hookworm, stongyloides, schistosomiasis
Helminthiasis 18
Ascarias ~ Therapy
Helminthiasis 19
Ankilostomiasis
Helminthiasis 20
Ancylostomiasis ~ etiologi, epidemiologi
predisposisi
Helminthiasis 21
Ancylostomiasis ~ pathology
• Asthma or bronchiolitis
Helminthiasis 22
Ankilostomiasis – siklus hidup
Helminthiasis 23
Ankilostomiasis ~ siklus hidup
Infection
Penetrasi (N. americanus & ancylostoma),
Ingestion (N. americanus)
paru
Migrating larvae
grow & develop in the lung (N. americanus)
usus
halus
telur
Helminthiasis 24
Ankilostomiasis ~ gambaran klinik
• gatal di kaki
Helminthiasis 25
Ankilostomiasis- Anemia & hypoproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
• Protein losing enteropathy
• Keterbatasan sintesa albumin
• Oedema
Helminthiasis 26
Ankilostomiasis ~ diagnosis
Komplikasi
• dermatitis berat
• anemia berat
– gangguan pertumbuhan
– payah jantung
Helminthiasis 27
Ankilostomiasis ~ terapi
umum
• Perbaikan gizi
• Pengelolaan anemia
spesifik
• Albendazole, single dose, 400 mg
• Mebendazole, 100 mg, twice day for 3 days
• Pirantel pamoat, single dose 10mg/kg BW,
• Bephenium hydroxynapthoate
• Tetrachlorethylene
Helminthiasis 28
Tissue & blood nematodes
Helminthiasis 29
Taeniasis ~ etiologi, epidemiologi
• predisposisi
Helminthiasis 30
Taeniasis ~ siklus hidup
Helminthiasis 31
Taeniasis ~ gejala klinis
• Kebanyakan asimtomatik
• keluar proglotid melalui tinja
• nausea, nyeri perut
• berat badan menurun
• nafsu makan meningkat
• diare
• pruritus ani\
Komplikasi Cysticercosis
• kejang / epilepsi
• tidak sadar
Helminthiasis 32
Taeniasis ~ diagnosis, terapi
Obat
• praziquantel (single dose)
• niclosamide (single dose)
• paromomisin
• atabrin, bithionol (sudah tidak dipakai)
Helminthiasis 33
Sistosomiasis
Helminthiasis 34
Patogenese
Helminthiasis 35
Klinis :
Helminthiasis 36
Diagnosa
• Klinis
• Eosinophilia
• Serologis
• biopsi
Helminthiasis 37
Terapi :
• Steroid
• Praziquantel 20 mg/kg bb bid
Helminthiasis 38
Filariasis
Helminthiasis 39