QUESTIONNAIRE
A questionnaire is a research
instrument that consist of pre-
arranged questions requiring written
responses from the subjects of the
study. It is equivalent of interview in written form.
QUESTIONNAIRE
A questionnaire is a paper
containing a list of questions
including the specific place and
space in the paper where you write
the answers to the questions.
QUESTIONNAIRE
This prepared set of questions elicits
factual or opinionated answers from the
respondents through his/her acts of
checking one chosen answer from several
options or of writing on a line provided for
any opinionated answer.(Babbie 2013)
CRITERIA OF GOOD QUESTIONNAIRE
1.The language must be clear.
2.The content of the question must be specific.
3.The question should show singleness of purpose.
4.The question must be free from assumptions.
5. The question must be free from suggestions.
6. The question should have linguistic completeness and
grammatical consistency.
THE LANGUAGE MUST BE CLEAR
The language of the
questionnaire should be clear,
appropriate and should lead
the respondent to give
specific responses.
THE LANGUAGE MUST BE CLEAR
Avoid using language
which tends to embarrass
the respondent because of
its personal implications.
THE LANGUAGE MUST BE CLEAR
The vocabulary, language
structure, and the conceptual
level of the question should be
suited to the abilities, levels, and
background of the respondent.
(Sevilla,1990)
THE CONTENT OF THE QUESTION MUST BE SPECIFIC
An item in the
questionnaire should elicit
a single piece of
information or a single
response
THE CONTENT OF THE QUESTION MUST BE SPECIFIC
Oftentimes, a
respondent does not know
to answer a question
because its content is not
specific enough.
THE CONTENT OF THE QUESTION MUST BE SPECIFIC
Consider the question:
“What has been your most
interesting experience in
school?”
THE CONTENT OF THE QUESTION MUST BE SPECIFIC
The question should be:
“What was your most
interesting experience in
your grade 10 of schooling
in this high school?”
THE QUESTION SHOULD SHOW SINGLENESS OF PURPOSE
The questionnaire as a
whole should bring out
pieces of information that
are relevant to the
purposes of the study.
THE QUESTIONS MUST BE FREE FROM ASSUMPTIONS
Consider this question:
“ Do you think that the use of
herbs is sufficient to your
cough?” instead of asking “Do
you take herbs when you are sick
with colds?”
THE QUESTIONS MUST BE FREE FROM ASSUMPTIONS
Consider this question:
“ Do you think that the use of herbs is
sufficient to your cough?” instead of asking
“Do you take herbs when you are sick with
colds?” The next question should be: “ What
herbs do you take when you are sick with
colds?”
THE QUESTIONS MUST BE FREE FROM ASSUMPTIONS
Making the assumption
that the respondent uses
herbs when he is sick with
colds is an error in
questioning.
THE QUESTION SHOULD BE FREE FROM SUGGESTIONS
Correct or not ?
Many countries have become
progressive due to industrialization.
Do you agree that the Philippines
can also be progressive if it
becomes industrialized.
THE QUESTIONS SHOULD HAVE LINGUISTIC
COMPLETENESS AND GRAMMATICAL CONSISTENCY
The questions should be
formed according to the rules
of correct grammar to avoid
embarrassment on the part of
the researcher.
THE QUESTIONS SHOULD HAVE LINGUISTIC
COMPLETENESS AND GRAMMATICAL CONSISTENCY
Hence, it is important that
prior to the survey, at least
two things should be done
and these are:
THE QUESTIONS SHOULD HAVE LINGUISTIC
COMPLETENESS AND GRAMMATICAL CONSISTENCY
1.Have the questionnaire be edited
by an English or Filipino teacher.
2. Float the questionnaire to a trial
sample who shall be excluded from
the final selection of the sample.
KINDS OF QUESTIONNAIRE
1. open-ended
questionnaire
2. Close-ended
questionnaire
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE
It is one whose options of
the items are not given or are
not arranged. This leaves the
respondent to answer
questions in his own way.
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE
Example:
Directions: Please answer the following
questions:
1. Give your opinion on the issue of the
Value-Added Tax Law.
2. What are its advantages?
3. What are its disadvantages?
CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE
In a closed ended questionnaire,
the options or answers are given or
enumerated and the respondent
simply checks or encircles his
answer. It does not require much
effort on the part of the respondent
to answer the questions.
CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE
Example:
Directions: Encircle the number with the best answer. The options are the
following:
Strongly agree -4
Agree -3
Disagree -2
Strongly disagree -1
1.English should be used as medium of instructions in all language. 4321
2. Units in English courses should be increased. 4321
PURPOSES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
1. To discover people’s thoughts and
feelings about the topic of the
research.
2. To assist you in conducting an
affective face-to-face interview with
your respondents.
PURPOSES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
3.To help you plan how to obtain and
record the answers to your questions.
4. To make analysis, recording, and
coding of data easier and faster.
TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Postal questionnaire
2. Self-administered
questionnaire
POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE
This type of
questionnaire goes to the
respondent through postal
service or electronic mail.
POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE
It is through the mail or
postal system that he
accomplished
questionnaires will be sent
back to the researchers.
SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE
This kind of
questionnaire makes you
act as the interviewer and
the interviewee at the
same time.
SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE
First, you ask the
questions either in person or
through phone; then, you will
be writing the interviewee’s
answers on a piece of paper.
ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
1. It is cheap as it does not
require you to travel to hand
the questionnaires to a big
number of respondents in
faraway places.
ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
2. It entails an easy
distribution to respondents.
3. It offers more opportunity
for the respondents to ponder
on their responses.
ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
4. It enables easy comparison
of answers because of a
certain degree of uniformity
among the questions.
ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
5. It has the capacity to elicit
spontaneous or genuine
answers from the
respondents.
ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
6. Respondents may have
greater confidence in their
anonymity, and thus feel free
to express their views.
DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
1. There is a possibility that
some questions you distributed
do not go back to you, and this
prevents you from getting the
desired rate of response.
DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
2. Confusing and
uninteresting questions to
respondents fail to elicit
the desired responses.
DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
3. Owing to individual differences
between the selected subjects and
those in the population, in general, the
questionnaire is hard up in obtaining
unbiased results to represent the
characteristic of the target population.
DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
4. It prevents you from being
with the respondents physically
to help them unlock some
difficulties in their
understanding of the questions.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.
What the data will be used
for.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
2. PROTECTION AFFORDED THE
RESPONDENT.
The respondent is entitled
to know how his privacy and
confidentiality will be treated.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
3. ENDORSEMENT OF THE
STUDY.
Respondents will be more secure
if they know that recognized institutions
are behind the study, school or agency
letterhead will be used.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
4. LEGITIMACY OF THE
RESEARCHER.
The researcher should state who
and what he is. He must identify himself
both by name and by position.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR
DEBRIEFING.
If the respondent can obtain the
results of the study or add explanations
at some later date, he should be told.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
6. REQUEST FOR
COOPERATION.
The letter constitutes an appeal for the
respondent’s help. If there are special reasons
why he should help (ex. The importance of the
study to his profession) this should be mentioned.
THE COVER LETTER MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING:
6. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.
The questionnaire should be self-administering and
self-contained, although general instructions may be
contained in the cover letter. The respondents should be
informed of other matters with regard to the study (ex.
They shall take the questionnaires home and shall be
retrieved after a certain date, they should answer the
questionnaire together with their parents, etc.)
