 Use subordinate conjunction, such as: (because,

although/ even though, when, before, after,

because of, since, while)

Example:
 Because the speaker was sick, the program was
canceled.

Exercise1. (Incorrect/ Correct)

1. ____ Because he earns a good salary, he never saves any
money.
2. ____ He bought some traveler’s checks before he left
the country.
1. Owls can hunt in total darkness ____ their
remarkably keen sense of smell.
(a) when (b) because of

2. ____ together in one place, they form a

community.
(a) Even though people live
(b) When people live
1. She will give a short speech because of she
A B
is presented with the award.
C D
2. We haven’t seen Professor Hill while she
A B
returned from her trip.
C D
 Is a statement not a question.

Example:
Question: What is her name?

Statement: I don’t know what her name is

wh subject Verb

Exercise1. (Incorrect/ correct)

1. ____ This is what do you need
2. ____ She called him to ask what time his party started.
1. Art critics do not all agree on what ____ a
painting great.
(a) are the qualities for making
(b) qualities make

2. ____ has not been decided

(a) When the meeting will be held
(b) When will be the meeting held
1. For many years people have wondered life whether
A B C
exists elsewhere in the universe.
D
Passive: Subject + is,am,are,was,were + verb 3
The bill was received today
The students are taught by him

Passive modal: Subject + Modal + be + Verb 3

The papers should be emptied now (passive modal)

Active: Subject + verb

She arrives here (active simple present)
They came to me yesterday (active simple past)
1. The sailors ______ by captain Hook
A) led C) were led
B) leads d) is led

2. The president of USA ____ the area last year

A) visited C) was visited
B) visits D) is visited

3. James Cook company ____ many books every month

(a) Released (b) releases

4. The schedule _____ seen on the announcement

board
(a) can be (b) can
1. Before the late eighteenth century, most textiles
A B
was produced at home.
C D
2. Weavers are social birds that are built complex
A B C
nests housing hundreds of families.
D
Is a verbal form that ends in “-ing”
Example: building a house, giving direction

Patterns:
1. As subject of verb: Playing cards is enjoyable
subject
2. As object of verb: He enjoys studying Geometry.
object
3. As object of preposition: He passes the time by watching TV
preposition
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer

1. ____ for a career in dance generally begins at an

early age.
(a) If training (b) Training

Exercise 2. Error analysis

1. An electromagnet is created by passes electrical

A B C
current through a coil of wire.
D
Past form ---------- past form
Present form ------- present form
Adjective -------------- adjective

Example:
Betty comes to this country in order to study,
take care of children and worked at PBA
1. Senior executives often receive bonuses when
their profit targets are reached or …
(a) Surpasses (b) surpassed

2. Tara Shield, a famous chamber composer, is a

kind and ____ person
(A) humiliation (b) humble
Exercise 2. Error Analysis

1. The manager is not only managing,

A B
leading, but also given solutions.
C D
2. Dylan is smart, work, and humble person.
A B C D
3. The man whom I met yesterday sat down,
A B
and listens to the speaker presentation.
C D
1. Someone is coming to the meeting, leads the
A B
discussion, and giving suggestion to the chairman.
C
2. Thomas A. Edison invented a light bulb and written an
A B
autobiography book about his journey in 1815
C D
3. Willow bark can be used for healing, comforting, and
A B
prevents disease
C D
 Not only … but also
 Both … and
 Either … or
 Neither … nor
Example;
Neither the men nor the women won the
competition.
Both Martha and Joko come to the class
1. Not only the passengers but they also the crew of
A B C
MH370 lost in India Ocean.
D
2. I would like to know both the services nor the
A B C
guarantee
1. Mt. Himalaya is being observed not only hikers
____ the researchers
(a) but also (b) but they also

2. The trip to Hawaiian islands needs both money

and ____
(a) accommodate (b) accommodation
 Tanpa (s, es, ed, to, ing)
 can, could, must, have to, should, had better,
may
Example:
 I can help you
 (incorrect) I can helping you
 She must go now
 (incorrect) She must goes now
 1. The Dean of our faculty should told us the
A B
dateline to submit the research.
C D
2. The workers must comed on time because
A B C
they work for 12 hours everyday.
D
3. The PBA customers may stays at the office for 3
A B C
hours.
1. President Barrack Obama has legalized that the
A
same gender can has legal marital status
B C D
2. Benhard Nobel who works for the congress, could
A
wins the vote in Michigan
B C
1. The mechanic had better ____ the brake soon
because I’m running out the time
(a) fix (b) fixed

2. Julia Robert won the globe award for the best

actress and she could ____ much money for the
orphanage
(a) donating (b) donate
Type 1: If I teach you, you will get the highest score
present will
Type 2: If I taught you, you would get the highest score
past would

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

1. Janet would be so excited if she ____ (pass) the
test
2. If Bob is here, he ______ (demonstrate) the way he
cooks
1. If the Dean talked about the program, we will
A B C
present it to class
D
2. We will be here at 5 p.m. if Jack wasn’t late
A B
picking her up.
C D
1. If I were you, I ____ take the recipe
(a) will (b) would

2. Jonathan Freeman would play in “Moonlight” if he

____ much salary
(a) gets (b) got
1. “Another”
Pattern:
another + singular noun
“ He needs another piece of paper”

2. Other
Pattern:
other + plural noun
“ There are other matters I’d like to discuss with you”
1. An understudy is an actor who can substitute for
A B C
other actor in case of an emergency.
D

Exercise 2. Choose the best answer

1. There may be life on some ____ planets
(a) another (b) other