Kehadiran & etika= 5%

Kuliah
Mid semester = 60% 8 topik
70%

Ujian semester= 40% 5 topik

Pre test = 25%

Praktikum Laporan = 25%

30%

Responsi = 50%
 JADWAL KULIAH FARMAKOLOGI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI
SEMESTER IV TAHUN 2012
HARI : SENIN
JAM : 08.00 - 09.40 (100 menit)
No TGL TOPIK KULIAH RUANG H 1 TOPIK KULIAH RUANG H 2
1. 20 Feb Pengantar Farmakologi, Pengantar Farmakologi,
2012 Farmakokinetik & farmakodinamik Farmakokinetik & farmakodinamik
drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD Dra. Yuliastuti, M.Kes., Apt
2. 27 Feb Anestesi lokal dan umum Desinfektan
2012 drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD Dra. Maulina Diah, M.Kes.Apt.
3. 5 Maret Desinfektan Anestesi lokal dan umum
2012 Dra. Maulina Diah, M.Kes.Apt. drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD
4. 12 Maret Efek samping & interaksi obat Analgetika
2012 Dra. Yuliastuti, M.Kes., Apt dr. Woro Rukmi P, M.Kes., SpPD.
5. 19 Maret NSAID dan kortikosteroid Efek samping & interaksi obat
2012 drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD Dra. Yuliastuti, M.Kes., Apt
6. 26 Maret Analgetika Antibiotika I
2012 dr. Woro Rukmi P, M.Kes., SpPD. drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD
7. 2 April Antibiotika I Hemostatika & antikoagulan
2012 drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD Dra. Maulina Diah, M.Kes.Apt.
8. 9 April Hemostatika & antikoagulan NSAID dan kortikosteroid
2012 Dra. Maulina Diah, M.Kes.Apt. drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD

16 April 2012 UJIAN SISIPAN

9. 7 Mei Dasar-dasar keracunan Antibiotika II
2012 Dra. Yuliastuti, M.Kes., Apt drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD

10. 14 Mei Antibiotika II Dasar-dasar keracunan

2012 drg. Ivan Arie Wahyudi, M.Kes., PhD Dra. Yuliastuti, M.Kes., Apt
11. 21 Mei Obat-obat pada kardiovaskuler, Farmakologi pada kelompok
2012 dr. Woro Rukmi P, M.Kes., SpPD khusus.
dr. Woro Rukmi P, M.Kes.,
SpPD
12. 28 Mei Farmakologi pada kelompok Antidepresan, Antianxietas
2012 khusus. Antikonvulsi, Sedative &
dr. Woro Rukmi P, M.Kes., SpPD hipnotik
Dra. Maulina Diah,
M.Kes.Apt.
13. 4 Juni Antidepresan, Antianxietas Obat-obat pada
2012 Antikonvulsi, Sedative & hipnotik kardiovaskuler,
Dra. Maulina Diah, M.Kes.Apt. dr. Woro Rukmi P, M.Kes.,
SpPD
11 Juni UJIAN PRAKTIKUM
2012
 TOPIK PRAKTIKUM FKG 2012
No Topik PJ
1 Route of drugs administration MD
2 Drug excretion JA
3 Dose-effect relationship YL
4 Analgesic SP
5 Lokal anestesi MD
6 Acute poisoning YL
 RULE AND REGULATION OF LABORATORY WORK
AT DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

1.The laboratory work begins on time as the time mentioned on the schedule.
2.The student must arrive on time. There will be a pre-test for ten minutes
before the laboratory work begins.

3.The student who comes before 5 minutes late will not get a pre-test
mark, but the student still allow to do the laboratory work. This student has to
get remedial pretest (with maximal score 6).
4.The student who comes 15 minutes late or more is not allowed to do
the laboratory work. This student has to get INHAL.

5.The student must wear laboratory coat when enter the laboratory.
6.The student must dress properly. Sandals, slippers or thongs are prohibited.

7.Whenever the student will do the laboratory work, he or she must bring the
work plan which is written on the available form (the form is available in the
Administration Office of Pharmacology and Therapy Department, one day
before the laboratory work at the latest). If he or she doesn’t bring workplan,
he or she is not allowed to do the laboratory work.
8. At the laboratory work, each group will get a check-list of the
laboratory equipment based on the available equipment and
material.
9.Before and after the laboratory work, the student must
examine the completeness of the equipment and material based
on the check-list.
10.After the laboratory work, the student must clean up the
equipment and return it to the place properly.
11.After the laboratory work, the check-list must be signed by
the instructor as the verification that the equipment is in a good
condition.
12.The student must take care of the equipment well.
13.If there is damaged equipment caused by the student (for
example: broken thermometer), the student must replace it one
week after the laboratory work at the latest.
14.Every student must write laboratory work systematically
based on the regulation.
15.The laboratory work report must be submitted 5 days
(deadline) after the laboratory work at the latest. It must be
attached with a temporary report which is signed by the
instructor. If the report is submitted after the deadline, the
student will include as ‘report is not submitted’, and the student is
scored 0 to work report.
16.The grade of the report is determined by the tidiness,
systematization, and the content of the report.

17. Minimal score for pretest is 6. If pretest not reach this

minimally score student has to get remedial pretest at the same
laboratory work session.
18. Total grade of the laboratory work consists of pre-test (25%)
laboratory work report (25%) and laboratory work examination
(50%).
19. If student get INHAL, she/he must submit and ajust the
schedule of inhal to the pharmacology and therapy laboratory.
The cost needed to carry out inhal is disbursed by the student.
 DEFINITIONS

DRUG
– ANY SUBSTANCE USED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, RELIEVE,
CURE OR PREVENT DISEASE
– MAY ALSO BE USED TO ELIMINATE PAIN, AND ALTER MOOD
OR BEHAVIOR
– HAS THE POTENTIAL TO CHANGE ONE OR MORE BODILY
FUNCTION

• ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS
– THE WRITTEN PRESCRIBING THAT A LICENSED INDIVIDUAL
GIVES TO HAVE DRUGS DISPENSED.
– DENTAL ASSISTANTS MAY NOT PRESCRIBE DRUGS BUT MAY
DISPENSE UNDER DIRECT SUPERVISION.
 ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

ENTERAL ROUTES
– ORAL BY MOUTH (po)

• ADVANTAGES
– MOST COMMONLY USED METHOD
– EASIEST METHOD TO CONTROL
– ACCEPTABLE BY MOST PATIENTS

• DISADVANTAGE
– DEGRADE BEFORE THEY REACH THE BLOODSTREAM,
EITHER IN THE STOMACH’S ACIDIC ENVRIOMENT OR WHILE
THEY PASS THROUGH THE LIVER.
RECTAL—SUPPOSITORIES
• ADVANTAGES
– ALWAYS AVAILABLE AND IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE THAN
THE INTRAVENOUS ROUTE
– DRUGS ADMINISTERED BY THIS ROUTE ARE ABSORBED
QUICKLY
– HAVE A RAPID ONSET

• DISADVANTAGE
– DISLIKE OF PLACEMENT BY PATIENT
– MANUPULATION AS WELL AS THE POSSIBILITY OF
INCOMPLETE DRUG ABSORPTION DUE TO EXPULSION OR
LEAKAGE.
• PARENTERAL ROUTES

– SUBLINGUAL OR BUCCAL

• ADMINISTERED BY PLACING THEM IN THE

MOUTH, EITHER UNDER THE TONGUE
(SUBLINGUAL) OR BETWEEN THE GINIGVA
AND THE CHEEK.

• THE MEDICATION DISSOLVES RAPIDLY AND

IS ABSORBED THROUTH THE MOUTH WHERE
IT ENTERS INTO THE BLOOD STREAM
QUICKLY.

• SHOULD NOT BE ADMINSTERED IF THE

GINGIVA OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES HAVE
OPEN SORES OR AREAS OF IRRITATION.
– THE PATIENT SHOULD NOT EAT, DRINK
CHEW OR SWALLOW UNTIL THE
MEDICATION HAS BEEN ABSORBED
OTHERWISE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
THE MEDICATION WILL BE DECREASED.

– THE PATIENT SHOULD NOT SMOKE

WHILE TAKING SUBLINGUAL OR BUCCAL
MEDICATION AS SMOKING WILL CAUSE
THE CONSTRICTION OF THE VESSELS
THUS DECREASING THE ABSORPTION OF
THE MEDICATION.
INTRAVENOUS (IV)

• ADVANTAGES
– ALLOWS RAPID DELIVERY OF MEDICATION
– SHORTEST POSSIBLE ONSET EFFECT.

• DISADVANTAGE
– CAUSES PAIN AND ANXIETY IN CONSCIOUS PATIENT
– REQUIRES TECHNICAL EXPERTISE TO ESTABLISH

INTRAMUSCULAR (IM)

• ADVANTAGES
– ALLOWS A WIDE DELIVERY OF MEDICATION WITH RAPID ONSET
– ADMINISTRATION IS EASY WHEN THE PATIENT IS CALM
AND MANAGEABLE

• DISADVANTAGE
– CAUSES PAIN AND ANXIETY
– TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IS REQUIRED
– AMOUNT OF MEDICAITON IS LIMITED BY BOTH THE
ROUTE AND THE SIZE OF THE PATIENT
SUBCUTANEOUS
• DELIVERY OF MEDICATION TO THE TISSUE
LAYER JUST BELOW THE SURFACE
• NOT USED FREQUENTLY IN DENTISTRY

INHALATION
• AN ALTERNATIVE TO SYRINGE INJECTION.
• CONVERT DRUG SOLUTIONS TO A
CONTINUOUS FINE AEROSOL MIST.
• INHALED DIRECTLY INTO THE LUNGS VIA A
MOUTHPIECE OR FACE MASK.
• INHALERS AND OTHER PULMONARY DRUG
DELIVERY DEVICES ARE INCLUDED IN THIS
CATERGORY OF DELIVERY SYSTEM.
TOPICAL
• ADVANTAGES
– CAN BE APPLIED BY A DENTAL ASSISTANT
– WORKS ON THE TOP LAYER OF TISSUE
– CAN BE APPLIED DIRECTLY TO THE SIGHT
• DISADVANTAGE
– SHORT ACTING IN SOME CASES
– IN DENTISTRY TOPICAL ANESTHESIA IS ONLY
GOOD FOR A FEW MINUTES

PATCH
• A MEDICATED ADHESIVE PAD THAT IS
PLACED ON THE SKIN TO DELIVER A TIMEDRELEASED
DOSE OF MEDICATION THROUGH
THE SKIN INTO THE BLOODSTREAM
• BEING SEEN FREQUENTLY WITH PATIENTS
WHO HAVE CHRONIC PAIN
ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS

• THE WAY A DRUG IS ADMINISTERED

DEPENDS ON HOW QUICKLY OR
SLOWLY THE DRUG WILL TAKE EFFECT.

• TWO MAIN TYPES OF DELIVERY

SYSTEMS FOR MEDICTIONS
– LOCAL ACTION
– SYSTEMIC ACTION
STAGES OF DRUG ACTION IN THE BODY

• ABSORPTION
– THE DRUG IS ABSORBED FROM THE SITE OF ENTRY
– THE SPEED OF ABSORPTION DEPENDS ON THE
WAY THE DRUG IS ADMINISTERED

• DISTRIBUTION
– THE CHEMICAL COMPOUND OF THE DURG ATTACHES
TO THE PROTEINS
– THEN THEY ARE CIRCULATED THROUGHTOUT THE
BODY TO BE RELEASED AND TO TAKE EFFECT
• METABOLISM
– ONCE RELEASED, THE DRUG IS THEN METABLIZED
– IT IS THEN EXCRETED THROUGH THE LIVER OR
KIDNEYS

• EXCRETION
– THE DRUG LEAVES THE BODY
– MAYBE EXCRETED THROUGH THE KIDNEYS, LIVER,
SALIVA, BREAST MILK AND SWEAT
DRUGS COMMONLY PRESCRIBED IN DENTISTRY

• ANTIBIOTICS
– ORGANIC SUBSTANCES PRODUCED BY
MICROORGANISMS THAT HAVE THE ABILITY TO
DESTROY OR INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF
BACTERIA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS.
TWO TYPES:

• BACTERICIDAL
– DIRECTLY KILLS THE INFECTING ORGANISM
– PENICLILLIN

• BACTERISTATIC
– INHIBIT THE PRODUCTION OF THE BACTERIA BY
INTERFERING WITH THEIR METABOLIC PROCESS
– TETRACYCLINE AND ERYTHROMYCIN
– USE IS BASED ON

• A CLEAR NEED OF ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT

• NO ALLERGIES OR HYPERSENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTIC
• SELECTION IS APPROPRIATE TO COMBAT
THAT SPECIFIC MICROORGANISM
• KNOWLEDGE OF SIDE EFFECTS
– ADVERSE REACTIONS
• MOST LIKELY GROUP FOR AN ALLERGIC REACTION
• CREATION OF A SUPER INFECTION

– OVERGROWTH IN THE BODY OF OTHER MICROORGANISMS

WHILE ON PROLONGED ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT
– COMBINING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS AT THE
SAME TIME NOT RECOMMEND.
– MAKE BIRTH CONTROL PILLS INEFFECTIVE FOR
THE MONTH THAT THE PATIENT IS USING ANTIBIOTICS
• NARCOTICS
– PRODUCE INSENSIBILITY
– SUPPRESS THE CNS
– TWO MAIN CATEGORIES

• NONOPIOD
– INCLUDES THE NONSTEROIDAL
ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
– ACETAMINOPHEN, IBUPROFEN, ASPIRIN
– INDICTED FOR MILD TO MODERATE PAIN

• OPIOID
– FOR MODERATE TO MODERATELY SEVERE PAIN
– USUALLY PRESCRIBED AS A COMBINATION DRUG
– INCLUDES CODEINE, DEMEROL, PEROCAN AND
DARVON
• PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

– ASSISTS IN “PAIN FREE” DENTISTRY

– SEDATIVE
– CAN BE HYPNOTIC
– SUPPRESS REM
– INCLUDES THE DRUG VALIUM
– MAY NOT NECESSARILY BE PRESCRIBED BY THE DENTIST.

• AMPHETAMINES
– CNS STIMULANT
– OFTEN SEEN AS A APPETITE SUPPRESS
– INCLUDES DEXEDRINE, CAFFEINE, AND METABOLIFE
VASOCONSTRICATORS

– EPINEPHRINE
• CONTRACTS THE ARTERIOLES
• PRODUCES CARDIAC HEART STIMULATION, BRONCHIAL
RELAX AND INHIBITION OF INTERSTINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
ACTION
• USED IN ANESTHESIA AND SEVERE ALLERGIES
RESPONSES
• ALSO FOUND IN RETRACTION CORD

– ANTIHISTAMINES
• USED TO TREAT MINOR ALLERGIC REACTIONS
• CAUSES THE PATIENT TO BE DROWSY OR DIZZY
– CORTICOSTERIOIDS
• APPLIED TOPICALLY FOR SYMPTOMS RELATED TO
INFLAMMATION OR ORAL ULCERS

– ATROPINE Sulfate
• Controls the secretion of saliva and mucous
• Administered orally two hours prior to treatment

– HEMOSTATIC
• ARREST THE FLOW OF BLOOD
• NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST PROFUSE BLEEDING

– OXYGEN
• FOR RESUSCITATIVE PROCEDURES
• ALL STAFF SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH EQUIPMENT.
• HEMOSTATICA

– ARREST THE FLOW OF BLOOD

– NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST PROFUSE
BLEEDING
– THREE MAIN TYPES USED IN DENTISTRY
• GELFOAM USED AT EXTRACTION SITES
• SURGICAL USED AT EXTRACTION SITES
• 2 x2’s, COTTON ROLLS, RETRACTION CORD