PERFORMANCE

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 • Performance is apart from the airworthines
THRUST
PERFORMANCE : A/C CONFIGURATION
WEIGHT

THRUST ENGINE POWER Thrust

50000 kg

40000 kg
DEPEND ON - TEMP
- WEIGHT 30000 kg

30 35 40
Temp

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 TAKE-OFF WEIGHT LIMITATIONS

• Structural limit TOW ( Airworthiness )

• Climb limit/Second segment limit TOW ( Elevation )
• Runway length limit TOW
• Obstacle clearance limit TOW
• Tire speed limit
• Brake energy limit
• Landing climb
• Landing weight limit at destination
• DDG/MEL or special operation

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 TAKE PERFORMANCE LIMITED BY :

• AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE : MTOW

MLDW
MZFW

• ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATUR

2 nd SEG
* CLIMB LIMIT
4 th SEG

• R/W LENGTH TORA WIND COMPONENT

TODA
ASDA DRY & WET

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• RWY SLOPE UP & DOWN

• OBSTACLE

• PCN / LCN

• BRAKE ENERGI LIMIT • LIFT DUMPER

• ANTI SKID
•TYRES SPEED

•MAX. T/O THRUST TIME

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 TAKE-OFF FIELD LENGTH
Clearway
PLAN VIEW

500 ft wide
Runway Stopway

Take-off run available ( TORA )

Accelerate stop distance available ( ASDA)

Take-off distance available ( TODA )

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Runway : This is an defined rectangular area, selected oe prepared for
the normal take-off and landing run of an aircraft

Stopway : This is an area extending beyond the runway, meeting the

Following requirements :
- Not less width than the runway it augments
- Designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating
the aircraft during a rejected take-off
- Capable of supporting the aircraft during a rejected take-off
without inducing structural damage to the aircraft

Clearway: A clearway is an area extending beyond the runway, meeting

the following requirements :
- Not less than 500 ft wide
- The maximum length is 50 % of the TORA
- Under the control of the airport authorities
- Slope not in excess of 1.25 % up

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 RWY NUMBER

EAST
WEST AZIMUTH

27
270 º 90 º
09

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9
Runway DRY SLOPE UP H/W
WET SLOPE DOWN T/W

Runway surface : DRY, HARD and Smooth surface

- LAND WET
SOFT - GRASS
- GRAVEL + 10 %
For rwy length
required

+ 10 %

Available runway

Required length

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Base on : DRY, HARD

WET
R/W length required + 15 %

R/W length 1800 m + 15 % = 270 m DRY = TOW 50.000 kg

1800 m + 270 m = 2070 m

15 %

1800 m 270 m

Available runway

100 Runway length

115

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CONTAMINATED
RUNWAYS
 CONTAMINATED
RUNWAYS
 Definitions
 Distances
 Takeoff charts
 Example
 DEFINITIONS
DRY RUNWAY
A dry runway is one which is neither wet or contaminated, and
includes those paved runways which have been specially prepared
with grooves or porous pavement and maintained to retain ‘effectively
dry’ braking action even when moisture is present.
DEFINITIONS

Dray runway
 DEFINITIONS
WET RUNWAY
A runway is considered wet when the runway surface is covered with
water or equivalent, [with a depth less than or equal to 3 mm], or when
there is a sufficient moisture on the runway surface to cause it to
appear reflective, but without significant areas of standing water.
DEFINITIONS

Wet runway
 DEFINITIONS
CONTAMINATED RUNWAY
A runway is considered to be contaminated when more than 25% of
the runway surface area within the required length and width being
used is covered by the following:
Standing water: Caused by heavy rainfall and/or insufficient runway
drainage with a depth of more than 3 mm (0.125 in).
Slush: Water saturated with snow, which spatters
when stepping firmly on it.
Wet snow: If compacted by hand, snow will stick together and tend to
form a snowball.
Dry snow: Snow can be blown if loose, or if compacted by hand, will
fall apart again upon release.
Compacted snow: Snow has been compressed Ice: The friction
coefficient is 0.05 or below.
DEFINITIONS

Contaminated runway
 DEFINITIONS

Equivalent of wet runway is runway covered with less than:

• 2 mm (0.08 inch) slush

• 3 mm (0.12 inch) standing water
• 4 mm (0.16 inch) wet snow
• 15 mm (0.59 inch) dry snow
TAKE OFF FROM WET RUNWAY

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TAKE OFF FROM SNOW RUNWAY

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 SCREEN HEIGHT
On wet and contaminated runways, the screen height is measured at
15 feet rather than 35 feet on dry runways. Moreover, the use of
reverse thrust is allowed for ASD determination on wet and
contaminated runways, whereas it is forbidden to take it into account
for the ASD determination on dry runways.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain shorter TODs and ASDs on wet and
contaminated runways than on dry runways for the same takeoff
conditions. Thus, it is possible to obtain higher takeoff weights on
surfaces covered with water, slush, or snow than on dry runways. This
is why the regulation indicates that:

On a wet or contaminated runway, the takeoff mass must not exceed

that permitted for a takeoff on a dry runway under the same
conditions.
 DISTANCES
ASD, TOD and TOR for wet runways are measured in the same way as
for dry runways, except that the screen height is 15 ft and reverse
thrust is considered.

15 ft

TOD
 TAKEOFF
CHARTS
Depending on the depth of water, we will use a different chart for takeoff
performance calculations:

•Under 3 mm of water, use the WET RUNWAY correction.

•Between 3 mm and 6.3 mm, use the 6.3 mm (1/4 inch) WATER chart.

•Between 6.3 mm and 12.7 mm, use the 12.7 mm (1/2 inch) WATER chart.
 TAKEOFF
CHARTS
Depending on the depth of slush, we will use a different chart for takeoff
performance calculations:

•Under 2 mm of slush, use the WET RUNWAY correction.

•Between 2 mm and 6.3 mm, use the 6.3 mm (1/4 inch) SLUSH chart.

•Between 6.3 mm and 12.7 mm, use the 12.7 mm (1/2 inch) SLUSH chart.

 For compacted snow, a special chart is provided (COMPACTED SNOW).

 TAKEOFF
CHARTS
Equivalent of wet runway is runway covered with less than:

• 2 mm (0.08 inch) slush

• 3 mm (0.12 inch) standing water
• 4 mm (0.16 inch) wet snow
• 15 mm (0.59 inch) dry snow
 TAKEOFF
CHARTS
We have to main targets:

1. Determine RTOW.
2. Determine V1, VR and V2.

Remember that flexible takeoff is not allowed when taking off from a
contaminated runway.
In most aircraft, thrust reverse, anti-skid system and ground spoilers
must be operative in order to takeoff from a contaminated runway. For
a wet runway, reverse thrust is not required.
Since runway contamination will affect braking much more than
acceleration, the ASD will increase much more than the TOD as well.
As a result, takeoff speeds will be lower than those for a dry runway.
 EXAMPLE
• Let’s calculate RTOW and takeoff speeds with
this conditions:
• Runway covered with 7 mm slush
We will use the 12.7
• PTOW (dry): 72000 Kg (CONF 1+F)
mm slush chart
• LFPO Runway 08 71100 Kg (CONF 2)
• TORA: 3320 m 71200 Kg (CONF 3)
EXAM
PLE
EXAM
PLE
EXAM
PLE

V1 = 124 ; VR = 133 ; V2 = 133