Dna Rna

RNA, DNA, & Proteins
Chapter 12 Review
Another name for protein synthesis
Sugar used to make DNA

Process of making a DNA copy
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as

cytosine and thymine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus

Process in which the genetic code of
DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
Three sequential nucleotides in an

mRNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid
Organism without a nucleus

Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine
and guanine
Subunit composed of a sugar,

nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
used to make DNA and RNA
Coiled DNA and proteins that are
spread out in the nucleus of non-
dividing cells
Group of three nucleotide bases on a

t-RNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon
Tightly packed DNA and proteins that
are “scrunched up” into rod-shaped
bundles in dividing cells
Process of making proteins from an

RNA message
What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

Type of RNA that carries DNA code
from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

Protein molecule around which DNA is
wrapped to form a nucleosome in
chromatin
Bonds between nitrogen bases that

hold the 2 DNA strands together
Bead-like structures that form when

DNA wraps around histones
Type of RNA that matches its
anticodon and attaches the correct
amino acid to the growing protein
chain during protein synthesis
Structures found in the cytoplasm

made of rRNA and proteins where
protein synthesis happens
Type of RNA that combines with
proteins to make ribosomes
Sugar found in RNA molecules

Macromolecule made by joining
nucleotide subunits together
Macromolecule made by joining amino
acid subunits together
Name the woman scientist whose X-ray
images of DNA helped James Watson
and Francis Crick figure out the structure
of DNA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA
Making a DNA copy = _____________
Using DNA code to

make an RNA = ___________________
Using an RNA message

to make a protein = _______________
Name the two scientists received the
Nobel prize for “figuring out”
the structure of DNA
DNA → DNA = _____________
DNA → RNA = ___________________
RNA → protein = _______________

Name this subunit used to build
nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
Image by: Riedell
If this was going to make RNA what

sugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base

could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
If this was going to make DNA what

Which nitrogen base

could NOT be used?
Tell what nitrogen base these
letters stand for
_____________= A
_____________ = G
_____________ = C
______________ = T
______________ = U
Which molecules make up the
backbone (sides of ladder)
in a DNA molecule?
Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg

Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are
called ______________
A
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Nucleosome
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Histones
DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of

dividing cells so it can be transported
easily is called _______________
Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are
called ______________
_____________ bonds
between nitrogen bases
hold the two strands
together.

Which protein does DNA wrap
around to form © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
nucleosomes?
Coils
Histones
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Histones
What are the small bead-like bundles

called that form when DNA scrunches
into chromosomes?
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
_________________RNA
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
_________________RNA
Matches m-RNA codon to add correct
amino acids during protein synthesis
_________________RNA
carries code from DNA to ribosomes
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
mRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
_______________ are changes
in the genetic material.
Tell something that can cause mutations.

KINDS OF MUTATIONS
Mutations that produce changes in a single
gene = ______________________
Mutations that produce changes in whole

chromosomes =
_____________________
Nucleosome
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Histones
DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of

non-dividing cells so the code can be read
is called _______________
_________________RNA
_________________RNA
_________________RNA
A= _________
B= _________
amino acid
C= _________
D= ___________
F= _____________
G = __________________
Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Another name for protein synthesis
Sugar used to make DNA

Process of making a DNA copy
replication
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as
cytosine and thymine
pyrimidine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus

eukaryote
Process in which the genetic code of
DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
Three sequential nucleotides in an
mRNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid
codon
Organism without a nucleus
prokaryote
Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine
and guanine
Purine
Subunit composed of a sugar,
nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
used to make DNA and RNA
nucleotide
Coiled DNA and proteins that are
spread out in the nucleus of non-
dividing cells
chromatin
Group of three nucleotide bases on a

t-RNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
Tightly packed DNA and proteins that
are “scrunched up” into rod-shaped
bundles in dividing cells
chromosomes
Process of making proteins from an

RNA message
Translation (protein synthesis)
What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
A = T
G = C

Type of RNA that carries DNA code
from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

gene
Protein molecule around which DNA is
wrapped to form a nucleosome in
chromatin
histone
Bonds between nitrogen bases that
hold the 2 DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds
Bead-like structures that form when
DNA wraps around histones
nucleosome
Type of RNA that matches its
anticodon and attaches the correct
amino acid to the growing protein
chain during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Structures found in the cytoplasm
made of rRNA and proteins where
protein synthesis happens
Ribosomes
Type of RNA that combines with
proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Sugar found in RNA molecules

ribose
Macromolecule made by joining
nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
Macromolecule made by joining amino
acid subunits together
protein
Name the woman scientist whose X-ray
images of DNA helped James Watson
and Francis Crick figure out the structure
of DNA
ROSALYN FRANKLIN
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA
DNA RNA
Double stranded Single stranded
Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
A,T,C,G A,U,C,G
No Uracil No thymine
Contains genetic code Carries code from
Stays in nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm
Helps with protein
synthesis
Making a DNA copy = _____________
replication
Using DNA code to

make an RNA = ___________________
transcription
Using an RNA message

translation
to make a protein = _______________
Name the two scientists received the
Nobel prize for “figuring out”
the structure of DNA
JAMES WATSON &

FRANCIS CRICK
DNA → DNA = _____________
replication
DNA → RNA = ___________________

transcription
RNA → protein = _______________

translation
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
If this was going to make RNA what
ribose
Which nitrogen base
THYMINE
could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
If this was going to make DNA what
deoxyribose
Which nitrogen base
URACIL
could NOT be used?
Tell what nitrogen base these
letters stand for
_____________=
ADENINE A
_____________
GUANINE = G
CYTOSINE = C
_____________
______________
THYMINE = T
URACIL = U
______________
Which molecules make up the
backbone (sides of ladder)
in a DNA molecule?
Sugar
and phosphates
Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg

Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are
called ______________
A
Purines
G
Nucleosome
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Histones
DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of

dividing cells so it can be transported
CHROMOSOMES
easily is called _______________
Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are
called ______________
C
Pyrimidines
T
Hydrogen
_____________ bonds
between nitrogen bases
hold the two strands
together.

Which protein does DNA wrap
around to form © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
nucleosomes?
Coils
Histones
HISTONES
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Histones
What are the small bead-like bundles

called that form when DNA scrunches
into chromosomes? nucleosomes
RIBOSOMAL
_________________RNA
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
TRANSFER
_________________RNA
Matches m-RNA codon to add correct
amino acids during protein synthesis
MESSENGER
_________________RNA
carries code from DNA to ribosomes
_______________
MUTATIONS are changes
in the genetic material.
Tell something that can cause mutations.

Mistakes in copying DNA
Radiation
Chemicals in environment
KINDS OF MUTATIONS
Mutations that produce changes in a single
GENE MUTATIONS
gene = ______________________
Mutations that produce changes in whole

chromosomes =
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
_____________________
Nucleosome
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Histones
DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of

non-dividing cells so the code can be read
CHROMATIN
is called _______________
RIBOSOMAL
_________________RNA
TRANSFER
_________________RNA
MESSENGER
_________________RNA
NUCLEUS
A= _________
m-RNA
B= _________
amino acid
ribosome
C= _________
t-RNA
D= ___________
codon
F= _____________
G = Amino acid
__________________
Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

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RNA, DNA, & Proteins

Sugar used to make DNA

Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as

Organism whose cells have a nucleus

Three sequential nucleotides in an

Organism without a nucleus

Subunit composed of a sugar,

Group of three nucleotide bases on a

Process of making proteins from an

Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

Bonds between nitrogen bases that

Bead-like structures that form when

Structures found in the cytoplasm

Sugar found in RNA molecules

Using DNA code to

Using an RNA message

DNA → RNA = ___________________

RNA → protein = _______________

If this was going to make RNA what

Which nitrogen base

If this was going to make DNA what

Which nitrogen base

Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg

DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of

Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

What are the small bead-like bundles

Tell something that can cause mutations.

Mutations that produce changes in whole

DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of

Sugar used to make DNA

Organism whose cells have a nucleus

Group of three nucleotide bases on a

Process of making proteins from an

Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

Sugar found in RNA molecules

Using DNA code to

Using an RNA message

JAMES WATSON &

DNA → RNA = ___________________

RNA → protein = _______________

Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg

DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of

Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

What are the small bead-like bundles

Tell something that can cause mutations.

Mutations that produce changes in whole

DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of

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