Carl Jung 1875-1961

Analytical Psychology

personal and collective unconscious (archetypes)

snake symbolism in Australian aboriginal bark painting,

Egyptian tomb painting, 15th century European painting
Jung: Archetypes: innate universal psychic dispositions from which the basic themes of
human life emerge – a set of keys we all inherit to understand life and create
culture
mother, father, man, woman, etc

Joseph Campbell, mythologist, identified Jung’s archetypes in all of the myths and
religions of the world

George Lucas read Campbell’s books and

translated the archetypal characters into his
Star Wars films.

Luke (hero) – must sacrifice to save tribe, culture

Leia (princess) – must be rescued by hero; reward
Darth Vadar (evil) – dark side of human nature
tries to lure hero
Wookie (threatening animal) – danger of nature
Hans Solo (joker) – humor soothes us
poking fun at ourselves keeps us honest
Obi-wan Kenobi (wise sage) – wisdom of elders
R2D2, C3PO (technology can turn on us)
Jung - Other instincts are just as important as
sex, aggression

Anima (feminine side of males)

Animus (masculine side of females)
Similar to Asian concept of Yin/Yang

Personal and Collective Unconscious

Personal – your own “dark side”; repressed
emotions and ideas (like Freud)
Collective – the dark side of humanity; deeper
unconscious, where archetypes live;
ingrained in human nature
Easily explains why “7 deadly sins” (pride,
greed, envy, anger, lust, gluttony, sloth) are
common ideas in all cultures (these sins
were not Jung’s idea)
Behavioral & Social-Cognitive Theories
Personality traits are learned habits, shaped by an
interaction between the individual’s actions, cognitive
expectations for responses, and actual feedback from
others
Julian Rotter: Internal vs External Locus of Control –
master of my fate, or not? Related to achievement and
learned helplessness
Humanistic Perspective
Abraham Maslow
(1908-1970)
studied self-
actualization
processes of
productive and
healthy people
(e.g., Lincoln)
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
self-actualization
congruence between real and ideal self
unconditional vs conditional positive regard
genuineness
acceptance
empathy
self-concept
 The Trait Perspective
Much more "observable" and
rational approach to personality
Grounded in empirical research
Goal is to describe more than
explain personality
Supports notion that characteristics
are strongly influenced by genes
Raymond Cattell – Source vs Surface
traits - p. 399
 Trait
a disposition to think,
feel, and act a certain
UNSTABLE
Moody
Anxious
Touchy way
Restless
Rigid
Sober
Aggressive
Excitable
Personality Inventory
Pessimistic Changeable
Reserved Impulsive
Unsociable Optimistic
Quiet Active
melancholic choleric
INTROVERTED
Passive phlegmatic sanguine
EXTRAVERTED Hans and Sybil Eysenck
Sociable
Careful Outgoing use two primary
Thoughtful
Peaceful
Talkative
Responsive personality factors as
Controlled
Reliable
Easygoing
Lively
axes for describing
Even-tempered
Calm
Carefree
Leadership
personality variation
STABLE
• The BIG 5
Theory of
Personality

• Traits are
independent
of one
another
 Big Five – Domains (5) and Facets (6 each domain)

Openness to experience Extraversion Neuroticism

Fantasy Warmth Anxiety
Aesthetics Gregariousness Hostility
Feelings Assertiveness Depression
Actions Activity Self-Consciousness
Ideas Excitement Seeking Impulsiveness
Values Positive Emotion Vulnerability to Stress
Conscientiousness Agreeableness
Competence Trust
Order Straightforwardness
Dutifulness Altruism
Achievement Striving Compliance
Self-Discipline Modesty
Deliberation Tendermindedness
Recent research shows that some species of animals demonstrate
reliable personality traits similar to the Big 5 factors
Traits not reliably measured until 8 yrs
Traits very stable from age 30 +
Degree of traits very similar across cultures
N,E,O decline. A,C increase
 Assessment
Interviews
Halo effect
Projective Tests
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test
Reliability, Validity
Behavioral Assessment
Personality Inventories
NEO FFI
Myers-Briggs
MMPI