BASIC

FIRST
AID
BASIC FIRST AID

FIRST AID
an immediate &
temporary care given to
a person who suddenly
gets ill or injured
BASIC FIRST AID

Includes self-help &

home care
Mean the difference
between life & death
Improper first aid can do
more harm than good
BASIC FIRST AID

ROLES of FIRST AID

It is a bridge that fills the gap
between the victim & physician
It is not intended to compete
with or take place the services
of the physician
It ends when the services of
the physician begins
BASIC FIRST AID

OBJECTIVES of FIRST AID

To save lives
To prolong life
To alleviate suffering
To prevent further
damage
BASIC FIRST AID

CHARACTERISTICS of a
GOOD FIRST AIDER
Gentle – does not cause pain
Observant – notices all signs
Resourceful – makes the best of things at
hand
Tactful – not frighten the victim
Sympathetic – comforts & reassures the
victim
BASIC FIRST AID

PRINCIPLES of FIRST AID

DOs in giving First Aid
DO stay calm
DO reassure & comfort the victim
DO check for a medical bracelet
indicating a condition
DO loosen any tight clothing
DO keep the victim covered to
reduce shock
BASIC FIRST AID

PRINCIPLES of FIRST AID

DON’Ts in giving First Aid
DON’T give food & drink to an
unconscious person
DON’T move an injured person
unless you need to place him/her
in the recovery position
SURVEY
of the
SCENE & the
VICTIMS
 1. Is anyone Steps in assessing
EMERGENCY
in danger?

2. Move to
the quietest
victim? SITUATIONS
3. Open
the airway

4. Check for
Breathing

Start Cardiopulmonary Continue Rescue

Resuscitation (CPR) Breathing 5. Look for
(Combine rescue Check for signs of signs of
breathing with Chest Circulation every
Compressions) minute circulation
 Difference between
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS SYMTPOMS
Discovered by Sensations that
applying our the victim FEELS
senses – SIGHT, or EXPERIENCES
TOUCH, & may be able to
HEARING & describe
SMELL
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Used when the victim is unconscious &
to find out & immediately treat life-
threatening conditions
SECONDARY SURVEY
Used when the victim is conscious or
has revived. It aims to detect everything
about the patient’s condition
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid

PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Consciousness
Open the Airway
Check for Breathing
Check for Circulation
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid

SECONDARY SURVEY
History Taking
SAMPLE PAIN
Checking for Vital Signs
a. Pulse Rate
b.Temperature
c. Respiration
d.Skin Color
Head to Toe Examination
Head & neck, eyes, chest,
abdomen, & back
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid

PRIMARY SURVEY
PRIMARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Check for Consciousness
1. Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you
okay?” while carefully shaking the
victim’s shoulder.
2. When there is no response, not
even mumbles or groans, the victim
is unconscious & in need of
immediate medical help.
PRIMARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Open the Airway
1. The victim’s unconsciousness maybe
due to an obstruction in his/her airway

2. Find out if there is loss of muscular

control in the throat area

3. Lift the chin & tilt the head of the

victim
PRIMARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Check for Breathing

Put your face near the victim’s mouth &

look, listen, & feel for breathing
OBSERVE:
Chest movement
Sound breathing
Feel of breath on cheek
PRIMARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Check for Circulation
1. Locate pulse using your middle &
index finger

2. Poor blood circulation may be

reflected on pale skin.
THIS is FATAL

3. To revive circulation, perform CPR

immediately
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid

SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
History Taking when giving First Aid

S ymptoms (chief complaint of patient)

A llergy (allergic to anything)
M edication (medicines currently taking)
P revious illness (that may be related to problem)
L ast meal (only for subject to operation)
E vents (prior to what happened)
P eriod of pain (how long? What started it?)
A rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I ntensity (how painful? Scale from 1 to 10)
N ullify (what stopped it?)
SECONDARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Checking for Vital Signs
a. Pulse Rate
adult 60 – 70/min
children over 7y/o 80 – 90/min
children 1-7y/o 80 – 120/min
infants 110 – 130/min
b. Temperature
normal - 37⁰C
c. Respiration
adult 12 – 20 breaths per minute
infants 40 breaths per minute
d. Skin Color
SECONDARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid

Head to Toe Examination

Head & neck, eyes, chest,

abdomen, & back
Check for bleeding, bruises, fracture,
dislocation, lumps, movement, etc.
DRESSING
and
BANDAGES
DRESSING & BANDAGES

DRESSING
A piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent
infection and/or to stop bleeding

COLD COMPRESS
Used to reduce swelling & relieve pain especially for
sprains & strains

BANDAGES
Used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds
& burns; and providing support for immobilization for
broken bones
DRESSING & BANDAGES

WOUNDS
PUNCTURE
Piercing wound caused by nails, needles & other pointed objects
ABRASION
Caused by rubbing or scraping against a rough surface

LACERATION
Blunt break or tearing of tissues

INCISION
Cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object

AVULSION
Forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues
CARRYING
and
TRANSPORTING
DRESSING & BANDAGES

TRANSPORTING an injured person to a safer

place requires great care.

Factors to consider:
- Weight & height of victim
- Status of victim (conscious or unconscious)
- Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or wide)
- Special need considerations (injuries of the victim)
DRESSING & BANDAGES

ONE-MAN CARRY
Fireman’s Carry
Easiest way to transport a light & smaller victim
Piggy Back
When the victim is conscious
Pack Strap Carry
When the victim is smaller than the first aider
Shoulder Drag
Used when the floor is smooth, short distance transport
Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl
Used when first aider & victim must crawl under a low structure
Blanket Drag
Used when victim is seriously injured & can’t be lifted
DRESSING & BANDAGES

TWO-MAN CARRY
Chair or Seat Carry
When there are two first aiders & a chair is available

THREE or MORE-MAN TRANSPORT

Hammock Carry
When there are three first aiders
Bearer Along Side
Carriers will stay on the uninjured side of the victim
Six Man Lift and Carry
When there are six first aiders
FIRST AID
for
COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FRACTURE DISLOCATION
A break or crack in a Is a partial or complete
bone displacement of the bone
An open fracture
pierces the skin surface
A closed fracture when
the skin is intact
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FRACTURE DISLOCATION
FIRST AID FIRST AID
1. Check vital signs 1. Call for help
2. Do not move injured immediately
part 2. Splint the affected part
3. Stop bleeding if there 3. Do not try to move a
is any dislocated part or force
4. If you have to move the it back into place
person, immobilized 4. Apply ice on the injured
the broken part with part to reduce swelling
splinting
5. Seek medical help
immediately
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

SPRAIN STRAIN
Is an injury of the Is an injury to the
ligament of a bone due muscles which is a
to accidental tearing or result of improper use
overstretching of the muscles
FIRST AID
1. Rest injured part
2. Apply Ice
3. Compress the injured
part
4. Elevate the injured part
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

HEAT FIRST AID

EXHAUSTION 1. Transport a victim to a
cooler place
Is caused by loss of salt
2. Give him/her plenty of
and water due to
water
excessively high
3. Check for vital signs
temperature. This may
4. Seek medical help
lead to heatstroke and
even death
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FOOD FIRST AID

POISONING 1. Help the person to lie down
and rest
Is caused by
2. Give him plenty of
consuming food or
flavourless fluids to drink
drink that is
and a bowl to use if he
contaminated with
vomits
bacteria or viruses
3. Call for medical help if the
condition worsens
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FIRST AID CHOKING Results when a foreign

1. Ask the person if he is choking object blocks the throat
2. Encourage him/her to cough
3. When the person cannot speak or stops coughing, give
him five back blows. Stand behind him and help him lean forward.
Support his chest with one hand, and give five sharp blows between the
shoulder blades with the heel of your hand
4. If back blows fail, try abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the
person and put your arms around the upper part of his abdomen. Clench
your fist with thumbs inward. Place it between navel and the bottom of
breastbone. Grasp your fist with your other hand. Pull sharply inwards
and upwards up to five times.
5. Check his mouth. If obstruction is not cleared, repeat the back
blows and abdominal thrusts.
6. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an
ambulance. Continue until help arrives.
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

DROWNING FIRST AID

1. Lay the person down on his
back
Happens when air 2. Check breathing and open
cannot get into the airway
lungs because of 3. Give rescue breaths and chest
water. It can cause compression, if necessary
immediate death 4. If the person is breathing,
when taken for place him in the recovery
granted position
5. Treat for hypothermia by
removing wet clothing and
covering him with a dry blanket
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

HEART FIRST AID

1. Help the person sit or lie
ATTACK down with head elevated.
Is caused by a 2. Call for medical help
sudden obstruction 3. If the person is conscious,
of blood supply to give him a full-dose aspirin
the part of the heart and advise him to chew it
muscles slowly
4. Constantly monitor the
vital signs. Be prepared to
give rescue breaths and
chest compression
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

CHEMICAL FIRST AID

1. Make sure that contact with
BURNS electrical source is broken
May occur when 2. Flood the sites of injury at the
electricity passes entry and exit points of the
through the body current with plenty of cold water
3. Wear disposable gloves and
place a sterile dressing or a
bandage over the burn to
protect it from airborne infection
4. Call for medical help
5. Reassure the victim and treat for
shock
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

BURNS FIRST AID

MINOR BURNS
1. Flood the injured area
Are often due to with cold water for at
domestic incidents least how long to stop
such as touching a the burning and relieve
hot iron, friction pain
(rope burn) or 2. Put on gloves and cover
spilling boiling water the area with sterile
on the skin non-adhesive dressing
or bandage
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FIRST AID
SEVERE BURNS BURNS
1. Help the person to lie down and prevent the burnt
area from coming into contact with the ground. Douse
the burn with plenty of cold liquid
2. Seek for medical assistance. Do not delay medical help
3. Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any rings,
watches, belts, shoes, or smouldering clothing
before the tissues begin to swell
4. Carefully remove any burnt clothing, unless it is
sticking on the skin. Cover the burnt area with non-
adhesive dressing or bandage
5. Continue to monitor vital signs
6. Reassure casualty and treat for shock.
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRST AID
1. Move the person immediately to a
HEAT STROKE cool place
2. Remove as much of his outer clothing
Is caused by a as possible
failure of the 3. Call for medical help
“thermostat” in the 4. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet
brain to regulate and keep the sheet wet until his
body temperature. temperature drops to 38 °C or 37.5°C
When this happens, under the tongue and armpit,
respectively
the body becomes
5. If the person has returned to normal
seriously heated temperature, replace wet sheet with
dry one
6. Monitor vital signs until help arrives
7. If temperature rises, repeat the
cooling process
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FIRST AID
STROKE 1. If the person is conscious, help him to
lie down with his head and shoulders
Is a condition in
slightly raised and supported
which the
2. Incline his head to the affected side
blood supply to
and place a towel on his shoulder to
a part of the absorb any dribbling
brain is 3. Call for help
suddenly and 4. Loosen any tight clothing
seriously 5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the
impaired by a victim
blood clot or 6. If the victim is unconscious, give
ruptured blood rescue breathing and chest
vessel compression
7. Call for an ambulance or call for help
and now for our
QUIZ..
 Prepare
½ crosswise
For #s 1-10.
MULTIPLE
CHOICE.
1. It is an immediate &
temporary care given to a
person who suddenly gets
ill or injured.

A. First Aid C. CPR

B. Emergency D. Survey
2. All, but one, are
characteristics of a first
aider.

A. Creative C. Gentle
B. Tactful D. Resourceful
3. Which is a DO in giving
first aid?

A. DO tell the victim his injuries

B. DO stay calm
C. DO give food and water
D. DO move the victim
4. A survey used when the
victim is unconscious & to
find out & immediately treat
life-threatening conditions
A. Secondary C. Tertiary
B. Primary D. Major
5. A survey used when the
victim is conscious or has
revived. It aims to detect
everything about the
patient’s condition
A. Tertiary C. Secondary
B. Primary D. Major
6. What is the normal body
temperature of a person?

A. 37.5°C C. 37°C
B. 36°C D. 38°C
7. What is the ideal pulse
rate for adult at rest?

A. 80-100 bpm C. 60-80 bpm

B. 50-70 bpm D. 60-70 bpm
8. What is a normal
respiration rate for an
adult at rest?

A. 15-25breaths C. 10-15breaths
B. 20-30breaths D. 12-20breaths
9. It is a piece of sterile cloth
that covers a wound to prevent
infection.

A. Dressing C. Compress
B. Bandages D. Splint
10. A triangular cloth used
to apply pressure to
control bleeding.

A. Dressing C. Compress
B. Bandages D. Splint
 For #s 11-20.
TRUE or
FALSE.
Write T if the statement
is TRUE and F if not.
11. First aid acts as a
bridge that fills the gap
between the victim &
physician

T or F
12. Hot compress is used
to reduce swelling and
relieve pain.

T or F
13. First aid’s role is to
compete with or take
place the services of the
physician

T or F
14. Signs are what an
observant see while
symptom is what the
person feels.

T or F
15. The objectives of first
aid are to save lives,
prolong life, alleviate
suffering, and prevent
further injuries.

T or F
16. A puncture wound is
caused by rubbing or
scraping against a rough
surface.

T or F
17. An incision wound is a
cut caused by knife,
broken glass or any sharp
object.

T or F
18. Blanket drag is done
by putting the victim on
the shoulders of the first
aider.

T or F
19. The weight and height
of the victim should be
considered in
transporting him/her.

T or F
20. Hammock carry is
done when there are three
or more first aiders to
transport the victim.

T or F
 For #s 21-30.
IDENTIFY THE
INJURY/
FIRST AID.
21-24. For muscle and
bone injuries, what first
aid should be given?

RICE
R _____ injured part
Apply I _____
C ______ injured part
E ______ injured part
25. An injury caused by
failure of the “thermostat”
in the brain to regulate
body temperature.

A. Heat Stroke C. Stroke

B. Heart Attack D. Choking
26. It results when a
foreign object blocks the
airway.

A. Heat Stroke C. Stroke

B. Heart Attack D. Choking
27. It is caused by a
sudden obstruction of
blood supply to the part of
the heart muscle.

A. Heat Stroke C. Stroke

B. Heart Attack D. Choking
28. A condition where the
blood supply to the brain
is impaired by a blood
clot.

A. Heat Stroke C. Stroke

B. Heart Attack D. Choking
29. What do you do if you were
burned by touching a hot iron,
rope burn or by spilled boiling
water.
A. Flood with cold water
B. Put toothpaste
C. Cover with cotton
D. Ask victim to lie down
30. When a person in
choking, ALL but one
should be done.
A. Encourage him to cough
B. If conscious, ask to lie down
C. Give back blows
D. Do abdominal thrusts
Finalize your
answers..
Exchange papers
Let’s check..
1. A 6. C
2. A 7. D
3. B 8. D
4. B 9. A
5. C 10. B
11. T 16. F
12. F 17. T
13. F 18. F
14. T 19. T
15. T 20. T
21. REST
22. ICE
23. COMPRESSION/
COMPRESS
24. ELEVATE/
ELEVATION
25. A
26. D
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. B
Write the score..
Give back to the
owner..
Pass to the
president..