Nobel Prize 2019

Physics
KISHAN J PRAJAPATI
P H Y S I CS D E PA RT ME N T
M. G . S CI E N CE I N S T I TU T E
A H ME D A BA D
 Noble Prize
Awarded for : Outstanding contributions for humanity in chemistry,
literature, peace, physics, and physiology or medicine
Country : Sweden ( all prizes except the Peace Prize )
Norway ( Peace Prize only )
Presented by : Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute (Physiology or
Medicine)
Norwegian Nobel Committee (Peace)
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Chemistry, Economic
Sciences, Physics)
Swedish Academy (Literature)
First awarded : 1901; 119 year ago
 Nobel Prize
Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded by The Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
• Physics prizes: 113
• Physics laureates: 213
• Awarded women: 3
• Youngest laureate: 25 (age)
• Oldest laureate: 96 (age)
 Physics laureates
2019
James Peebles

Physics Michel Mayor

laureates

Didier Queloz
 James Peebles
• Born : 25 April, 1935

• Birthplace : Winnipeg, Canada

• Education : University of Manitoba(BS)

Princeton University(MS, PhD)

• Fields : Theoretical Physics

Physical Cosmology

• Affiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University,

USA

• Prize motivation: "for theoretical discoveries in physical

cosmology."

• Prize share: 1/2

 James Peebles
• 1958 : Started Ph.D. (Princeton University)
• 1965 : Assistant Professor
• 1972 : Full Professor
• 1984 : Albert Einstein Professor
• 2000 : Professor Emeritus
• Contribution : Cosmic inflation
Understanding Dark Energy.
CMB
Big
Bang

Temperature
decreases

Universe became
transparent for
light.
1978 : Nobel Prize
• Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
won Nobel Prize of 1978.
• Working at Bell Lab accidently
detected radiation(1965).
James Prediction
• The first peak shows that the
universe is geometrically flat,
i.e. two parallel lines will never
meet.
• The second peak shows that
ordinary matter is just 5% of the
matter and energy in the
universe.
• The third peak shows that 26%
of the universe consists of dark
matter.
 Michel Mayor
• Born : 12 January, 1942

• Birthplace : Lausanne, Switzerland

• Education : University of Lausanne(MS)

University of Geneva(PhD)

• Fields : Astrophysics

• Affiliation at the time of the award: University of

Geneva, Switzerland

• Prize motivation: "for the discovery of an exoplanet

orbiting a solar-type star."

• Prize share: 1/4

 Michel Mayor
• 1971 : Completed Ph.D.
• 1971 : Worked as Research associated
• 1984 : Associate Professor
• 1998 : Director of Observatory of Geneva
• 2007 : Retired
• Contribution : Exoplanets
Double Star
 Didier Queloz
• Born : 23 February, 1966

• Birthplace : Switzerland

• Education : University of Geneva(MS, DEA, PhD)

• Fields : Astronomy

• Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva,

Switzerland & University of Cambridge, UK

• Prize motivation: "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-

type star."

• Prize share: 1/4

 Didier Queloz
• 1995 : Completed Ph.D.
• 1995 : Professor at University of Geneva
• 2013 : Professor at Cambridge University
• Contribution : Exoplanet
 Previous Work
• Gordon Walker at The University of British Columbia including Bruce
Campbell.
• Gerhard Herzberg advised to use HF.
• Used CFHT
• Geoffrey Marcy and Paul Butler used I2 in Echelle spectrograph.
Mayor and Queloz
51 Pegasi b
 After Work
• 2006 : Corot
• 2009 : Kepler
• 2018 : TESS
• October 2019 : 4118 (3063 + 699 ) exoplanet in Milky Way
 Thank You

Kishan J Prajapati
Physics Department
M. G. Science Institute
Ahmedabad