DEPHOSPHORISATION OF LD SLAG BY SLAG

TREATMENT AND SLOW COOLING METHOD

Presented by:
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE
3. SCOPE OF STUDY
4. DEPHOSPORISATION
4. COMPOSITION ANALYSIS
5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
6. FACTORS AFFECTING DEPHOSPHORISATION
7. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
8. CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION

 What is LD slag?

 Composition

 Phases Present

 Possible Uses

 Environmental Concerns
 OBJECTIVE
• To remove dicalcium silicate selectively
• To use high phosphorus slag as soil conditioner
• To use a good portion of slag in Iron and Steelmaking
 SCOPE OF STUDY
Minimising the phosphorous content in LD slag will lead to following
results:
1. Improvement of steel properties such as :
1.1 Strength
1.2 Less volume expansion

2. Reduce the cost of Production.

3. Reduction environmental pollution

4. Multi functional uses.

 Dephosphorisation of LD slag
Utilisation of BOF Slag is limited due to following reasons:

High P
content

High
Undesirable
Volume
chemistry
expansion

Size
Why Dephosphorisation?
 COMPOSITION ANALYSIS

Reference: Yadav, U.S., Das, B.K., Kumar, A and Sandhu, H.S., (2002), Solid waste
recycling through sinter status at Tata Steel, Proc. of Environment and Waste
Management, NML, Jamshedpur, India, pp. 81-94.
 Experimental Procedure
1. As received LD slag is to be crushed and grinded to less than
10mm size.
2. Chemical analysis of slag is done by XRF
3. Various phases can be determined by Electron Probe Micro
analyser (EPMA)
4. The slag is then placed in a magnesia crucible and heated upto
1700-1900 K.
5. It is to held at a particular temperature for more than one hour.
6. It is then slowly cooled at 2,1,0.5 ° K
7. As Dicalcium silicate phase in lighter in slowly comes to the
top.
8. Oxygen is supplied during the beginning of cooling.
9. This phase than can be separated and processed .
FACTORS AFFECTING DEPHOSPHORISATION

COMPOSITION

SIZE OF STARTING
CRUCIBLE TEMP.

FACTORS

OXYGEN
COOLING RATE
BLOWING
 FACTORS AFFECTING DEPHOSPHORISATION
• Composition
The amount of separation decreases upon composition as follows :-

1. If FeO content of slag is very low, fluidity of slag decreases and hence
separation decreases.

2. If CaO/ SiO., ratio is high, the fluidity of slag further decreases.

3. If high dolomite is used to prolong the lining life of a converter,

magnesio-wustite becomes primary crystal, because, MgO becomes
high. Therefore, the rate of phosphorous separation decreases.
• Starting Temperature of' Slag
If the starting temperature of cooling is higher, the separation ratio of
P205 is higher. The difference between liquidus temperature and starting
temperature of crystallization will be about 100K minimum.

• Cooling Rate
Floating speed of di-calcium silicate particles is affected by particle size.
The growth of particles is accelerated as cooling rate decreases.
Therefore separation rate of dicalcium silicate increases with decrease in
cooling rate. Separation is done effectively at cooling rate below
2°K/min.

• Size of Crucible
The more is the depth better is the separation.
• Blowing Oxygen
Suspended Fe and Fe0 oxidise to higher oxides like FeO, and Fe2O3. As
the oxidation reaction is exothermic, the slag temperature increases. Fe0
and Fe203 have lower melting points in comparison to metallic Fe.
Therefore, the melting point of slag decreases and hence fluidity
increases. Thus oxygen blowing can increase both rate and degree of
separation of P2O5 from slag.

• Addition of Fluorspar
Addition of flourspar to the slag can improve grain growth. It has been
seen that the addition of 4% fluorspar is suitable to promote grain growth
and hence improves rate of separation of P205. However, flourspar
causes severe erosion of refractory lining and decreases the lining life.
RESULTS
Reference:
Wei Zhang,
Weixing Liu, Jie
Li, Yanxia Shang,
Zhenchao Liu &
Hongwei Xing
(2016) High
phosphorus slag
gasificating
dephosphorization
of sintering
atmosphere,
Integrated
Ferroelectrics,
168:1, 107-114,
 CONCLUSION
1.LD slag is one of the important waste materials generated in steel plants. Besides its
use as road making and cement producing, it can very well replace lime addition to the
steelmaking route due to its high lime content. However, the presence of phosphorous in
it is quite high which restricts its utilisation in iron and steelmaking.

2.The amount of phosphorous can, however, be reduced by physical and chemical

means. Controlled cooling of molten slag can separate the various phases including the
lighter phase of di-calcium silicate that consists of P2O5, phase, as the solid solubility of
P205 in di-calcium silicate is quite high.

3.The phosphorous enriched phase can be effectively used as a fertilizer whereas the
phase enriched with CaO and FeO can be recycled back to the iron and steelmaking
processes.

4. As an alternative to the dephosphorisation of LD-slag, external desiliconisation

followed by dephosphorisation can reduce silicon and phosphorus load in hot metal and
hence the phosphorus content in final steelmaking slag gets reduced. However, external
desiliconisation and dephosphorisation consume fluxes and produce high phosphorus
slag which again needs to be disposed off.

5.Therefore, recycling of LD-slag on removal of P seems to be a better approach

 REFERENCES
1. F. Liu, W. Zhang, and H. W. Xing Effects of fuel on gasification dephosphorization
of high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore. Advanced Materials Research 881–883,
1536–1539 (2014).
2. D. Padilha, B. M. Wenzel, N. R. Marcilio, A.D.B. Silva, L. P. Cavalcanti, and M.
Godinho Dephosphorization of chromium-rich ashes fromthermally-treated leather
waste for utilization in pyrometallurgical process. International Journal of Mineral
Processing 114–117(21), 63–68 (2012).
3. X. Guo, M. Guo, Z. Sun, J. Van Dyck, B. Blanpain, and P. Wollants Chemical
dissolution of lime particles in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-based slags: An in-situ
observation approach. Materials Science and Technology Conference and
Exhibition 1739–1750 (2010)
4. .W. Yu, T. Sun, Z. Liu, J. Kou, and C. Xu Study on the strength of cold-bonded
highphosphorus oolitic hematite-coal composite briquettes. International Journal of
Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 21(5), 423–430 (2014).
5. Pal.J, Chaudhary.P.N and Goswami.M.C .Utilisation of LD slag — An overview.
Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Vol. 45, No. 2, April-June 2003, pp.
61-72
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