Chronic

Lymphocytic
Leukemia
Prepared by: Placia, Enrique Jr., C.
 Overview

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer of the

blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones
where blood cells are made.
The term "chronic" in chronic lymphocytic leukemia comes
from the fact that it typically progresses more slowly than
other types of leukemia. The term "lymphocytic" in chronic
lymphocytic leukemia comes from the cells affected by the
disease — a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes,
which help your body fight infection.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia most commonly affects older
adults. There are treatments to help control the disease.
What are the causes of CLL?

o Doctors aren't certain what starts the process that causes chronic
lymphocytic leukemia.
o What's known is that something happens to cause a genetic mutation
in the DNA of blood-producing cells. This mutation causes the blood
cells to produce abnormal, ineffective lymphocytes.
o Beyond being ineffective, these abnormal lymphocytes continue to
live and multiply, when normal lymphocytes would die. The abnormal
lymphocytes accumulate in the blood and certain organs, where they
cause complications. They may crowd healthy cells out of the bone
marrow and interfere with normal blood cell production.

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Note:’ Doctors and researchers are working to understand the exact
mechanism that causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
What are the risk Factors of CLL?

AGE
This disease occurs most often in older
adults. On average, people diagnosed with
chronic lymphocytic leukemia are in their
70s.

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What are the risk Factors of CLL?

RACE

Whites are more likely to develop chronic

lymphocytic leukemia than are people of
other races.

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What are the risk Factors of CLL?

Family history of
blood and bone
marrow cancers.
A family history of chronic lymphocytic
leukemia or other blood and bone marrow
cancers may increase your risk.

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What are the risk Factors of CLL?

Exposure to chemicals

Certain herbicides and insecticides,

including Agent Orange used during the
Vietnam War, have been linked to an
increased risk of chronic lymphocytic
leukemia.
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 Signs and Symptoms of CLL?

Enlarged, but painless, lymph nodes

Fatigue
Fever
Pain in the upper left portion of the abdomen, which may be
caused by an enlarged spleen
Night sweats
Weight loss
Frequent infections

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Complications of CLL?

Frequent infections.

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Complications of CLL?

A switch to a more
aggressive form of cancer..

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Complications of CLL?

Increased risk of other

cancers.

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Complications of CLL?

Immune system problems.

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 Count the number of cells in a blood
sample. A complete blood count may
be used to count the number of
Daignosis of CLL? lymphocytes in a blood sample. A high
number of B cells, one type of
lymphocyte, may indicate chronic
lymphocytic leukemia.

Determine the type of lymphocytes

involved. A test called flow cytometry
or immunopheno typing helps
determine whether an increased
Blood tests number of lymphocytes is due to
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a
different blood disorder or your body's
reaction to another process, such as
infection.
If chronic lymphocytic leukemia is
present, flow cytometry may also help
analyze the leukemia cells for
characteristics that help predict how
aggressive the cells are.
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Analyze lymphocytes for genetic
abnormalities. A test called
fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) examines the chromosomes
inside the abnormal lymphocytes to
look for abnormalities. Doctors
sometimes use this information to
determine your prognosis and help
choose a treatment.
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Daignosis of CLL? Tests of your leukemia cells that look for
characteristics that could affect your
prognosis

Bone marrow biopsy

and aspiration
Other tests
Imaging tests, such as
computerized tomography (CT)
and positron emission tomography
(PET)
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Daignosis of CLL? Once a diagnosis is confirmed, your doctor
determines the extent (stage) of your chronic
lymphocytic leukemia. Your doctor will use
information about your cancer to assign a stage —
early, intermediate or advanced — that indicates the
progression of your chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Staging In general, people with early-stage disease don't
require immediate treatment. Those with
intermediate-stage disease and advanced-stage
disease may be given the option to begin treatment
right away.
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Treatment of CLL? People with early-stage chronic lymphocytic
leukemia typically don't receive treatment. Studies
have shown that early treatment doesn't extend lives
for people with early-stage chronic lymphocytic
leukemia.
Treatment may not be Rather than put you through the potential side
effects and complications of treatment before you
necessary in early stages need it, doctors carefully monitor your condition
and reserve treatment for when your leukemia
progresses. Doctors call this watchful waiting.
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Treatment of CLL?

Treatments for intermediate
and advanced stages
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• Chemotherapy.
• Targeted drug therapy.
• Immunotherapy.
• Bone marrow transplant.
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 Cancer screening. Your doctor will evaluate your
risk of other types of cancer and may recommend
Treatment of CLL? screening to look for signs of other cancers. For
instance, your doctor may recommend a skin
examination every year or two to look for signs of
skin cancer.
Vaccinations to prevent infections. Your doctor
may recommend certain vaccinations to reduce your
Supportive care risk of infections, such as pneumonia and influenza.
Monitoring for other health problems. Your
doctor may recommend regular checkups to monitor
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your health during and after treatment for chronic
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lymphocytic leukemia.
 Cancer screening. Your doctor will evaluate your
risk of other types of cancer and may recommend
Treatment of CLL? screening to look for signs of other cancers. For
instance, your doctor may recommend a skin
examination every year or two to look for signs of
skin cancer.
Vaccinations to prevent infections. Your doctor
may recommend certain vaccinations to reduce your
Supportive care risk of infections, such as pneumonia and influenza.
Monitoring for other health problems. Your
doctor may recommend regular checkups to monitor
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your health during and after treatment for chronic
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lymphocytic leukemia.
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/diagnosis-
Source: treatment/drc-20352433

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Thank You and
have a pleasant
day!
Prepared by: Placia, Enrique Jr., C.