By Bhupesh and Vishal

Topic: Client Server Protocol.

Class: SYIT.
Roll no: 19,65.
Guided by: Steola ma’am.
Content

• Introduction
• Client-Server Paradigm
• Network Addressing
• Applications
• Socket
• Domain Name Space
Introduction
• Client-server is a relationship in which one
program (the client) requests a service or
resource from another program (the server). At
the turn of the last century, the label client-server
was used to distinguish distributed computing by
personal computers (PCs) from the monolithic,
centralized computing model used
by mainframes.
Client-Server Paradigm

Client server architecture is mostly referred for

distributed applications, wherein one
application request a service from another
application. Generally, the requesting
application is called client and application
providing services is called server.
Network Addressing

• Network Addressing is one of the major

responsibilities of the network layer.
• Network addresses are always logical, i.e.,
software-based addresses.
• A host is also known as end system that has one
link to the network. The boundary between the
host and link is known as an interface. Therefore,
the host can have only one interface.
• A router is different from the host in that it has
two or more links that connect to it. When a
router forwards the datagram, then it forwards
the packet to one of the links. The boundary
between the router and link is known as an
interface, and the router can have multiple
interfaces, one for each of its links. Each interface
is capable of sending and receiving the IP packets,
so IP requires each interface to have an address
Network Addressing

• In the above figure, a router has three interfaces labeled as

1, 2 & 3 and each router interface contains its own IP
address.
• Each host contains its own interface and IP address.
• All the interfaces attached to the LAN 1 is having an IP
address in the form of 223.1.1.xxx, and the interfaces
attached to the LAN 2 and LAN 3 have an IP address in the
form of 223.1.2.xxx and 223.1.3.xxx respectively.
• Each IP address consists of two parts. The first part (first
three bytes in IP address) specifies the network and second
part (last byte of an IP address) specifies the host in the
network.
Applications

• Some of the important applications are:

1. Electronic mail 2. USENET(net news)
3. World wide web 4. multimedia
5. Remote file transfer and access.
• The most common service provided s SMTP or
electronic mail. It allows the user to send a
message to another the another user in the
internet.
• Another common service is file transfer. a user
can transfer file from the computer to the server
or transfer a file file from server to its computer.
the application is called FTP.
• To use World Wide Web (WWW) we require a
simple transfer protocol called HHTP.
• Multimedia allows audio and video data to be
attached with the computer for the Internet
users.
Socket
• A socket is one endpoint of a two-way
communication link between two programs
running on the network. A socket is bound to
a port number so that the TCP layer can
identify the application that data is destined
to be sent to.
• Normally, a server runs on a specific
computer and has a socket that is bound to a
specific port number. The server just waits,
listening to the socket for a client to make a
connection request.
Domain Name Space

• The DNS database hierarchical naming

scheme is called a Domain name space. Each
node in the hierarchy represents a partition
of the DNS database. The nodes are known
as domains, and each of them must have a
name as the DNS database is indexed by
name. When you add domains to the
hierarchy, the name of the parent domain is
appended to the domain, which becomes
a child domain or subdomain.
• A domain namespace is a name service
provided by the Internet for Transmission
Control Protocol networks/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP). DNS is broken up into domains, a
logical organization of computers that exist in
a larger network. Below is an example of the
hierarchy of domain naming on the Internet.
Domain Name Space