(1600s - 1800s)

CONTENT:
• REASONS FOR SPANISH COLONIZATION
• POLITICAL CHANGES
• THE CENTRALGOVERNMENT
• THE AUDIENCIA
• LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• THE CITY AND THE GOVERNMENT
• PROPAGATING THE CATHOLIC FAITH
• THE UNION OF CHURCH ANDSTATE
• THE CHURCH ORGANIZATION
• THE INQUISITION
• THE INTRODUCTION OF PRINTING
• THE RESIDENCIAAND VISITA
• THE PLAZACOMPLEX
• THE ENCOMIENDA
• FORCE LABOR
• THE TRIBUTE
• TAXES
• GALLEON TRADE
• THE MEXICAN SUBSIDY
• THE ECONOMIC SOCIETY
• THE GOVERNMENTMONOPOLIES
• THE ROYALCOMPANY
• THE ECONOMIC DEVEOPMENT
• Referred specifically to those colonies ruled
directly by a Governor appointed by the
Monarch.

- spain govern the philippines through the

union of Church and State, introducing to a
new beliefs.
When king Charles I decided to sent an
expedition to moluccas, his purpose was
primarily commercial.
 SPANISH CLAIM THE ARCHIPELAGO
(PHILIPPINES) BASE ON TWO REASON

first - since the “discovery” of the

Philippines was made under the
auspices of Spain, the Philippines
therefore was rightfully owned by spain.

Second - since Spain, being in

actual possession of the
Philippines, it had a right to
colonize it.
 SPANISH CLAIM THE ARCHIPELAGO
(PHILIPPINES) BASE ON TWO REASON

In other words Spain claimed the

philippines by
right of “discovery”.
Expedition
+
Magellan
+
Descovery
=
Philppines
Council of the Indies - administered the
Philippines, even so the King of the Spain
appointed Spanish officials to deal with the
proper administration of the colony.

-The most important administrative organ of

the Spanish Empire for the Americas and
Asia.
In 1863 - in order to make the
administration of the philippines efficient, as
a colony, it was place under the jurisdiction
of Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas
Ministry (Ministerio de Ultramar)
- the ministerial department in charge
of the direction of Spanish colonies
between 1863 and 1899. It administered
the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the
Carolinas, Marianas and Palaos.
In order to make the central government of the
Philippines organize under spaniard rule, they
adopted their expirience in Mexico and South
America, including the Law of the Indies.

Some Spanish law were likewise adopted,

1. La Lovisima Recompilacion
2. Leyes De Toro
3. Siete Partidas
Central Government - was headed by the
governor and captain - general or governor
general
Captain - general or Governor- general
- was appointed by the King of Spain.
- He possessed vast executive, legistative,
and
judicial powers.
There are only two branches of government
under Spanish Rule
1. the executive
2. the judicial
there was no legistative or congress.

SUPERIOR DECREES - orders from governor -

genral.
ROYAL DECREES - orders coming from the
king of Spain.
The governor-general
-He is the president of Audiencia, he was
also the Vice Royal Patron in the philippines.

-He can appoint minor official in the

government including the parish priests.

-He is the comander in cheif of the armed

forces.

THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL IS POWERFUL

• compalse - the right of the governor-general
to suspend the operation of a royal decree or
order relative to the Philippines if in his
opinion, the said order or decree would not
be benificial to the administration of the
country.

• the usual formula in exercising the right of

cumples was ”I obey but i do not comply”
• The Audiencia was established in the
philippines in 1583 to administer justice to
the aggrieved people in the colony.
• Governor Santiago de Vera - first president of
Audiencia.
• Audiencia was the Highest court insofar as
civil and criminal cases were concerned
even political, and administrative
matters.
• In the absence of governor the audiencia
exercised political and administrative powers.

• Audiencia was abolish by the king of spain

in 1589 because of the opposition of some
powerful person in colonial.

• king of Spain re-establish the audiencia

in 1595. However, its actually carried out
its function in 1568 when it was inaugurated
• Provincial Government - under by the
central government, wich were already
recognizing the authority of spain.
alcalde mayor - called to provincial governor
who govern provincial government, he was
appoint by the governor - general.
- his sallary is small but he could collect tribute
to increase his income.
indulto de comercio a right given to
alcalde mayor to engage in trade, what
made him rich and powerful.

- it was abolished in 1844 because the

alcalde mayor abuse his power to the
extend of scandalizing the spaniards.
• municipal government - under the
provincial government and it compose of
several barrios.
gobernadorcillio(littel governor), also called
capitan municipal or simply capitan .
- today he is called mayor, he was elected
by the thirteen electors who were prominent in
the town.
- six of the electors were former Cabezas
de Barangay; six were Cabezas de Barangay,
the thirteenth electors was the outgoing
capitan.
Spanish fria-curate - are the one who approve
the selected gobernadorcillio.
-if approve, his name was sent to the provincial
governor who, in turn, submitted his name to the
office of the governog general in manila for final
approval.
-the capitan was aided in the administration of
the town by deputies called tenientes, a chief of
police, and subordinate officials called
alguaciles.
• During firs century of spanish rule, there were only
two cities:
1. Cebu
2. Manila
• After seventeenth century, the philppines had six
cities:
1. Cebu 4. Nueva Segovia(lal-lo Cagayan)
2. Manila 5. Arevalo(part of iloilo city )
3. Vigan 6. Nueva caseres (Naga)
• ayuntamiento - the city government
equivalent todays city hall consisted of two
alcaldes, twelve regidors(counsilors), a cheif
of police, a secretary, and few other lesser
officials.
• cabeza - who headed the barrio or
barangay he did not recieve sallary.
however, he was given a portion of the taxes
collect in his barrio, he is also considered a
member of principalia or the aristocracy
• Many fillipinos converted from animist religion to
the catolic faith by the first Augutinians came
with legazpi in 1565.
Augustinian Order - a religious order
observing a rule derived from St. Augustine's
writings.
Animist religion - Animism is the oldest known
type of belief system in the world.
The King of Spain desided tht the philippines
should converted to te catholic belife.

- the missionaries spread catholicism around and in

Manila, Visayas, Ilocos, Pampanga, and Pangasinan.

- In 1577 when franciscan missionaries arrived they

spread catholicism in; Manila, laguna de bay,
Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon they also
established mission in Camarines and
other parts of Bicol province.
- In 1581, the Jesuits, who were not friars, they spread
Catholicism in; Manila, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, Samar, and
Mindanao.

- In 1587 the dominican came and spread catolic faith

in; Manila, Cagayan region, and Pangasinan.

- In 1606 the Recollect missionaries came

and propagated the fait in; Manila, Bataan,
Zambales, Mindoro, Masbate, Ticao, burias,
Cuyo, Romblon, Negros, and Mindanao.
-little more than twenty years from the time
legazpi landed in cebu the number of converts
to catholic fait was about 250,000 this number
rose to a little lessthan million in the midle of
eighteenth century, in 1860s it rose about four
million and to about six and a half million at
the end of 1898.

-Although the number of missionaries

increased in between 1591 and 1898 it is not
enough to convert the entire philppines.
• Like what the union of church and state have
before the spain early King also indroduced it in
the philippines by appointing the representative
in the colony, were also defender of the faith.
• CHURCH OFFICIAL who became a
governors-general
1.Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta(1719-1721)
2.Bischop Juan Arrechederra(1745-1750)
3.Bischop Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta(1759-1761)
4.Archbishop Manuel Rojo(1761-1762)
In order to administer efficiently the catholic
Church was Divided into districts.

• DISTRICTS - represented geographic regions that

had different dialects or languages.
PARISHES - representedvillages.
MISSIONS - represented areas or regions
that were not yet conquered to Catholicism.
• In 1578, manila became a diocese.

• Father Domingo de Salazar - first bishop

of Manila.
• The inquisition was an ecclesiastical office,
whose duty was to search for heretis and those
guilty of hat were preaching or practicing
religios doctrines that were contrary to that of
the catholic Church.
• xylography or printing by woodblock- it is the first
printing press they introduced with rectangular piece
of wood say one or two inches thick was carved out
with words.

• Cristian doctrine - the first books

printed by this method in tagalog and
chinese, they were printed in 1593.
- Dominican iproved printing by intruducing the
use of movable types (this printing, a letter is
joined to a small piece of wood or iron any similar
material)
- Father Francisco de San Jose , popularly called
blancas de san Jose, Inroduced the movable type
of printing (typhography)
• In 1606 , the franciscans put up a
printing press in tayabas (now queszon
province)

• Vocabulario dela lengua tagala -

famous book of father domingo de los
Santos was printed in 1703 in Tayabas.
• Residencia - was the public investigation and
trial of outgoing colonial officials in order to
ascertain whether they had committed abuses in
the performance of their duties

• Visita - a secret investigation of an official's

conduct as a public servant.
• The plaza complex can best illustrate this politico
- religious structure of colonial government of
our country under spain. the house of the
natives were situated around a plaza or a town
center to bring them close to church, the
convent, the municipio, the market place, and
the cementery.
• Encomienda- a piece of land,but a favor from
the king.

• Encomendero- the man who recieved this favor

the size or the encomienda was determined by the

number or people living in it and the value of the
land on which the natives lived.
• enconmienda can held before into three
generations but it was later reduced to
only two generation.

• 1635-return the tenure to three

generation because of the complaints or
the holders of encomienda

• but in exchange the encomendero

should teach the native under his
jurisdiction the cristian doctrine.
• 1.the royal encomienda,wich belonged to the
king.
• 2. the ecclesiastical encomienda, which
belonged to the chuch.
• 3. the private incomenda which belonged to a
private individual
• under the government of spaniards, Filipino
are required to render service in to the State
and the Church,

• -Spanish officials in the philippines ordered

the Filipinos to work in construction of;
(churches , roads, bridges, ship, and in the
industries of hauling and cutting timber.)
 • polo y serbiscio - some conditions set in
force labor,

1.the Filipinos to be drafted for work must be paid

for their work.

2.the Filipino laborers should not be made to

work in distant places where they could not
return in their families.

3.the drafting of laborers should not

coincide with the planting and harvest
season.
4.men who are physically incapable should not be
overwoked.

5.force labor should be resorted to only in casesof

absolute necessity.

6.the number of laborers drafted should be

diminished as soon as laborers from other
countries had volunteered to work
- Some fillipinos are exemted from
force labor they pay a fee called
falla.
• Tribute - way of spanish colonial government in
order to raise enough money to finance the
administration of colony, especially the
construction of churches, governmet buildings,
road,bridges, and improve the trancpotration
and communication it was introduce official
1570.
- its also form of recognition of the
Filipino's loyalty to the king of Spain.
- person above 16 years old ad those below
60 years old they were required to pay
tributes

-in 1589, the tribute was raised, of wich small

portion went to the church. This was called
sanctorum.

-the king abolished the sanctorum because of the

opposition to the tributes and to the abuses
connected with its collection.
• Dieznos prediales - a tax which consisted of
one-tenth of the produce of the land.
• Donativo de Zamboanga - it was introduced
in 1635, a tax specifically used for the
conquest of jolo.
• Vinta - a tax paid by the people of some
province along the coast of western luzon for
the defense of the coasts from muslim pirates,
who raided the Visayas and luzon for”Slaves”
that they need in oveseas trading.
• Galleon Trade - term
used to describe the
trade conducted by
the Spanish from
1565 to 1815 across
the Pacific Ocean. The
Spanish used trading
ships, known as
Manila galleons.
• Situado - a annual subsidy from mexico
this subsidy amounted to 250,000 pesos
on the average.

• 1821 when subsidy was finally stopped

when Mexico became independent.
• Economic Society of friends of the
Country - establish by Jose de Basco y
Vargas, the society was tasked to
explore and exploit the island's natural
bounties.
• - it was introduced in 1780, vanished
temporarily on 1787-1819 1820-1822
and 1875-1822 and ceased to exist in
the middle of 1890.
• The society divided into section;
1. factories and manufacture
2. industry and popular education
3. natural history
4. domestic and foreign commerce
5. agricultural and rural economy
• 1780 king of Spain issued a decree ordering
the establishment of the Tobacco
monopoly .

-but however,actally established in the

colony in 1782.
The following were the provisions of the
decree;
1.the cultivation of tobacco was prohibited
except for the province selected to grow it.
2. contabando sale of tobacoo was forbidden
3.the government had the wxclusive right to
purchase all tobacco pruducts, to inspect and
classify the tobacco plant, and to prepare
manufacture cigar and cigarettes;
4.the government have the right to prohibit
the expotation or importation of tobacco by
any agency not connected with the
government.
• Compania Real de Filipinas or the Royal
Company of the Philippines was
established in March 10, 1785 by Charles
III a royal decree. Its' purpose was to
promote direct trade between the
Philippines and Spain. In addition, it was
established to exploit the natural resources
of the islands, with a 25 year charter, under
governor-general Basco.
 Inspite of incentive, the company fielded in its
two- fold aims. This failure may be attributed to
the following causes;
1.the Spanish merchant in the philippines, who
had been accustomed to the profitable galleon
trade , did not cooperate wholeheartedly with
the company;
2.the company wasnot able to establish
direct commercial contact with Japan,
China, and India, so its hard to buy
commodities from these countries
through the manila merchants, resulting
in paying higher prices for those
commodities than in the countries where
they came from;
3.the company was not well managed
because its officials spent their times in
activities that were not not connected with the
promotion of the welfare of the company;

4.foriegn vessels, instead ot the company's

vesseles, brought to manila such items as
groceries, canned goods, wine, an other
european products. As a result of the failure of
the cpmpany to implement its program for the
philippines, it was abolished in 1834.
 Several factor accounted for the slow
development of the philippine economy.
• First,most spanish officials were
lazy,incompetent,and inefficient.instead of
developing the natural resources f the colony,
the spanish officials and minor employees were
interested in enriching themselves in office.there
were many loafers among them who depended
on government employment to earn a living
• Second, there were frequent quarrels
among the spaniards
themselves,especially between the
clergy and the governors-generals,on
one hand,and the high-ranking
ecclsiastical officials and the friar-
curates,on the other.