Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nancy G. Morris
Volunteer State Community
College
Campbell, Chapter 46
Animal Reproduction:
Fission
Budding
Fragmentation
Regeneration
Advantages of asexual reproduction:
Animals in isolation will not die out
Rapid – ideal for colonizing a
habitat quickly
Hormones
Environmental cues
(temperature, rainfall, day length)
Lunar cycles
Variation in reproductive patterns:
Parthenogenesis
– Daphnia, aphids, rotifers, social
insects, whiptail lizards
Hermaphroditism
– Tapeworms, earthworms, sessile,
burrowing animals
Variation in reproductive patterns:
Sequential hermaphroditism
– individual reverses its sex during its
lifetime
– either protogynous – female first
– or protandrous – male first
– Example Reef fishes
Mechanisms of
Sexual Reproduction
Fertilization: union of egg and
sperm
• external genitalia
•Scrotum
•Penis
• internal genitalia
•Gonads – testes
•Accessory glands
•Associated ducts
Male Reproductive Anatomy
Figure 46.8
Male Reproductive Process
SEMINAL VESICLES
PROSTATE GLAND
BULBOUREHTRAL GLAND
3 sets of Accessory Glands
Figure 46.9
Female Reproductive Anatomy
Figure 46.9
Human Sexual Response
1) Excitement
2) Plateau
3) Orgasm
4) Resolution
Human Sexual Response
Excitement
the penis & vagina are prepared for
coitus (sexual intercourse)
1) Vasocongestion of the penis & clitoris;
enlargement of testes, labia, breasts
2) Vaginal lubrication & myotonia occur
Human Sexual Response
Plateau
breathing & heart rates increase from
stimulation of the autonomic nervous
system
1) vagina depresses to receive the sperm
2) the outer third becomes vasocongested,
the inner third slightly expands & the
uterus elevates
Human Sexual Response
Orgasm
is characterized by rhythmic, involuntary
contractions in the reproductive systems of
both sexes
Male:
Emission – forcing the semen into the urethra due to
contraction of the glands & ducts of the reproductive
system
Ejaculation - expels the semen due to contraction of
the urethra
Female:
Contraction of the uterus & outer vagina
Human Sexual Response
Resolution
reverses responses of earlier phases &
completes the cycle
• 2) Spermatogenesis is a continuous
process throughout reproductive life of
the male, whereas