Dr.

Muhammad Suhaib
Majeed
Lecturer , Department of
Physiotherapy.
• Position of the body
• To be able to describe the organization of human body , it is
necessary to use some arbitrary position as a starting point
from which movement or location of a structures can be
described.
• Anatomical position
• It is described as the human body standing in an upright
position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together,
arms at the side of the body with palms facing forward.
• Fundamental position
• This is same as anatomical position except that the palms
face sides of the body.
• Mid Line
• Medial / Lateral
• e.g ulna & radius
• Anterior (ventral)
• Posterior (Dorsal)
• e.g sternum & scapula
• Distal / Proximal
• e.g humeral heads
• Superior / inferior
• e.g sternum
• Superficial / Deep
• e.g abdominal muscles
• It is the branch of physics
dealing with the study of forces
and the motion produced by
there actions.
• Biomechanics
• Biomechanics involves taking
the principles and methods of
mechanics and applying them to
the structure and function of
human body.
• Statics
• deals with the factors
associated with non-moving ,or
nearly non-moving systems.
• Dynamics
• Involves factors associated with
moving systems
• Dynamics
1. Kinetics : deals with forces causing movement in a
system
2. Kinematics : it involves the time, space and mass
aspects of a moving system.
• Osteo-kinematics :deals with the manner in which bones
move in space without regard to the movement of joint
surfaces, such as shoulder flexion and extension.
• Arthro-kinematics : deals with the manner in which
adjoining joint surfaces moves in relation to each other,
that is, in same or opposite direction.
• FORCE : The force is that which alters the state
of rest of a body or its uniform motion in a
straight line.
• Composition of forces
• Direction
• Magnitude
• Tail
• Application of forces to a body
1. Single force acting on a body
2. Two equal forces acting on a body
1. Common point & same direction
2. Common point & opposite direction
3. Equilibrium
3. Two unequal forces acting on a body
1. Common point & opposite direction
2. Acting at an angle
3. At different points and in opposite direction
• Movement in the direction of application of
force if the body is fee to move.
• Application of enough force that can cause
movement
• Common point & same direction
• Result is equal to the sum of
magnitude of the both forces.
• Common point & opposite direction
• Movement ??
• Equilibrium
• Common point & opposite direction
• Result ???
• Movement in the direction of greater force
• Magnitude of the force producing this movement is
equal to the difference of two forces
• Sometimes it is inconvenient to apply force in a
particular direction and in these circumstances
two forces acting at an angle to each other may
be compounded to produce the desired effect.
• Example in human body ;
• Deltoid muscle
• Law of parallelogram
• Example in human body????????
• Deltoid??????
• Action abduction of shoulder
• Anterior fibers……..
• Posterior fibers
• Insertion deltoid groove of humerus
• Result will be the rotation of the body
• Example in human body
• Trapezius and Serratus anterior muscles
resulting in rotation of scapula.
• Equal and opposite forces that holds the part
together
• Tension / force used synonymously in
physiology
• Strength of a muscle is the ability to generate
intramuscular tension
• Application of forces to human body to
• Oppose
• Equal
• Augment the forces of muscles
• Or Counter that of gravity
Any question ???

thanx