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Lesson 3:

Poetic
Devices
 Learning Objectives:

• Highlight the literary devices

present in the poem;
• Demonstrate knowledge of
sensory images and;
• Recognize figures of speech
in poems
 Why does recognizing
imagery and
figurative
language important
in understanding and
appreciation of poetry?
Poetic
Devices
 Poetic
Devices
Redef ined…
These are techniques that
authors use to create a special
& pointed effect in their writing.
 Poetic
Devices
Objectives:
 To communicate a message;
 To help the readers visualize or imagine the
poem;
 To make poems more interesting and
exciting, and;
 To help the readers relate and understand
the piece on a deeper level.
 Poetic
Devices
Functions:
 They must sound right to the readers,
 They must have a meaning which might
have been unanticipated, but seems to be
the perfectly right one,
 They must be arranged in a relationship to
form creative concept, and
 They must probe the depths of human
thought, and emotion to portray images.
 The Sounds of Words

Words clustered
together to achieve
specific kinds of
effects when we
hear them or read
them.
 These arrangements of words were identified as the
ff.:
ALLITERATION is the repetition of the same
consonant sound in the beginning of the
words occurring near one another.
Examples:
Peter Piper picked a
peck of pickled peppers.

Sally sells seashells by the

seashore.
 These arrangements of words were identified as the
ff.:
ALLITERATION is the repetition of the same
consonant sound in the beginning of the
words occurring near one another.
Examples:
Peter Piper picked a
peck of pickled peppers.

Sally sells seashells by the

seashore.
 Is ALLITERATION present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

s
I tand amid the roar

s s
Of a urf-tormented hore,
And I hold within my hand
Grains of the golden sand —
ASSONANCE is the repetition of vowel
sounds within nearby words.

Examples:
Who knew the shoe was blue? Did you?

The trodden town rang its cobbles for

luck.
ASSONANCE is the repetition of vowel
sounds within nearby words.

Examples:
Who knew the shoe was blue? Did you?

The trodden town rang its cobbles for

luck.
 Is ASSONANCE present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

All that we see or seem

Is but a dream within a dream
CONSONANCE is when consonants
repeat in the middle or end of words.
This creates a near rhyme sound
Examples:
Boats into the past
Cool soul
Fixed in onyx
A pillar of valor
The calm lamb
Fish in a mesh net
CONSONANCE is when consonants
repeat in the middle or end of words.
This creates a near rhyme sound
Examples:
Boats into the past
Cool soul
Fixed in onyx
A pillar of valor
The calm lamb
Fish in a mesh net
 Is CONSONANCE present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

Grains of the golden sand —

All that we see or seem

Is but a dream within a dream
ONOMATOPOEIA is a word that imitates
the sound it represents.
Is ONOMATOPOEIA present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

I stand amid the roar

Of a surf-tormented shore,
REPETITION is when words, phrases, or lines
of a poem are repeated.

Examples:
I like to eat, eat, eat apples and
bananas.

When you, my Dear, are away, away,

How wearily goes the creeping day.
REPETITION is when words, phrases, or lines
of a poem are repeated.

Examples:
I like to eat, eat, eat apples and
bananas.

When you, my Dear, are away, away,

How wearily goes the creeping day.
 Is REPETITION present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

While I weep — while I weep!

RHYME is when words have the same end
sound.
Happens at the beginning, middle, or end
of lines.
Examples:
time, slime, mime

Double rhymes include the final two syllables.

Example: revival, arrival, survival

Triple rhymes include the final three syllables.

Example: greenery, machinery, scenery
RHYME is when words have the same end
sound.
Happens at the beginning, middle, or end
of lines.
Examples:
time, slime, mime

Double rhymes include the final two syllables.

Example: revival, arrival, survival

Triple rhymes include the final three syllables.

Example: greenery, machinery, scenery
 Is RHYME present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

Take this kiss upon the brow!

And, in parting from you now,
Thus much let me avow —
RHYTHM is when words are arranged in
such a way that they make a pattern or
beat created by accented and
unaccented syllables.

Example:
i THOUGHT i SAW a PUSsyCAT.
The Meanings of Words

Words that convey

several meanings or shades
of meaning at the same
time.
 These arrangements of words were identified as the
ff.:
ALLUSION is a brief reference to some
person, historical event, work of art, or
Biblical or mythological situation or
character.
Examples:
Chocolate was his
Achilles heel.

If it doesn’t stop raining,

I’m going to build an ark.
 These arrangements of words were identified as the
ff.:
ALLUSION is a brief reference to some
person, historical event, work of art, or
Biblical or mythological situation or
character.
Examples:
Chocolate was his
Achilles heel.

If it doesn’t stop raining,

I’m going to build an ark.
APOSTROPHE is when speaking directly to
a real or imagined listener or inanimate
object; addressing that person or thing by
name.

Examples:
O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is
done…

Oh Death, where is thy sting?

APOSTROPHE is when speaking directly to
a real or imagined listener or inanimate
object; addressing that person or thing by
name.

Examples:
O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is
done…

Oh Death, where is thy sting?

 Is APOSTROPHE present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

O God! Can I not grasp

Them with a tighter clasp?
O God! can I not save
One from the pitiless wave?
CLICHE is any figure of speech that was
once clever and original but through
overuse has become outdated.

Examples:
Busy as a bee

Piece of cake
EUPHEMISM is an understatement, used
to lessen the effect of a statement;
substituting something innocuous for
something that might be offensive or
hurtful.
Examples:
pass away = die
vertically challenged = short
tooted = farted
let go = fired
pre-owned = used
HYPERBOLE is an outrageous exaggeration
used for effect.

Examples:
He weighs a ton.

I’m so hungry I
could eat a
whole chicken!
IRONY is a contradictory statement or
situation to reveal differences between
appearance & reality, expectation &
result, and intention.

Wow, thanks
for expensive
gift...let’s see:
did it come with
a Fun Meal or
the Burger King
equivalent?
METAPHOR is a direct comparison
between two unlike things, stating that
one is the other or does the action of the
other.

Examples:
He was a statue, waiting to hear the
news.

She was a mother hen, trying to take

care of everyone around her.
OXYMORON is a phrase consisting of
contradictory terms for dramatic effect

Examples:
a peaceful war

dark sunshine
PERSONIFICATION is attributing human
characteristics to an inanimate object,
animal, or abstract idea.
Examples:
The wind sang as
it danced
around the
playing children.

The newspaper
headline glared
at me.
PERSONIFICATION is attributing human
characteristics to an inanimate object,
animal, or abstract idea.
Examples:
The wind sang as
it danced
around the
playing children.

The newspaper
headline glared
at me.
Is PERSONIFICATION present in
“A Dream Within a Dream”?

How few! yet how they creep

Through my fingers to the deep,
SIMILE is a direct comparison of two unlike
things using “like” or “as.”

Examples:
He ran like a
cat, lightly and
quietly.

Her blue mood

passed as
quickly as an
afternoon rain
shower.
SIMILE is an indirect comparison of two
unlike things using “like” or “as.”

Examples:
He ran like a
cat, lightly and
quietly.

Her blue mood

passed as
quickly as an
afternoon rain
shower.
Metaphor vs. Simile
The Arrangement of Words

Words
follow each
other in a
sequence
determined
by the
poet.
FORM is the arrangement or method used
to convey the content, such as free
verse, ballad, haiku, etc. In other words,
the “way-it-is-said.”
LINE is fundamental to the perception
of poetry, marking an important visual
distinction from prose.
RHYME SCHEME is the pattern in which
rhyme sounds occur in a stanza.

Example: ababbcbcc, abbacddc

STANZA is the division in a poem named for
the number of lines it contains.
 The Images of Words
Words which
do carry strong
visual and
sensory impact,
words which are
fresh and
spontaneous but
vividly
descriptive.
IMAGERY is the use of vivid language to
generate ideas and/or evoke mental
images, not only of the visual sense, but of
sensation and emotion as well.
Examples:
Smoke mysteriously puffed out from the
clown’s ears.

Tom placed his ear tightly against the wall; he

could hear a faint but distinct thump thump
thump.

The burlap wall covering scraped against the

little boy’s cheek.

A salty tear ran across onto her lips.

Cinnamon! That’s what wafted into his nostrils.

Examples:
Sight: Smoke mysteriously puffed out from the
clown’s ears.

Sound: Tom placed his ear tightly against the

wall; he could hear a faint but distinct thump
thump thump.

Touch: The burlap wall covering scraped

against the little boy’s cheek.

Taste: A salty tear ran across onto her lips.

Smell: Cinnamon! That’s what wafted into his

nostrils.
 Wrap it up!
Sound Meaning Arrangement Image
Alliteration Allusion Form Sight
Assonance Apostrophe Line Sound
Consonance Cliché Rhyme Scheme Touch
Onomatopoeia Euphemism Stanza Taste
Repetition Hyperbole Smell
Rhyme Irony
Rhythm Metaphor
Oxymoron
Personification
Simile
Directions:
On ¼ sheet of paper, identify the poetic
devices present in the ff. lines/verses.
(Note: There might be one or more poetic devices in
each item!)

1. Oh! To be a wave
Splintering on the sand,
Drawing back, but leaving
Lingeringly the land.
 ANSWERS:
1. Rhyme, consonance, alliteration,
personification
2. Drip--hiss--drip--hiss– fall the raindrops
on the oaken log which burns, and steams,
and smokes the ceiling beams.
Drip--hiss--the rain never stops.

3. A trumpet-vine covered a harbor

With the red and gold of its blossoms.
Red and gold like the brass notes of
Trumpets.
 ANSWERS:
2. Onomatopoeia, consonance,
repetition, rhyme
3. Alliteration, consonance,
repetition
4. I passed through the gates of the city,
The streets were strange and still,
Through the doors of the open churches
The organs were moaning shrill.

5. Upon the enchanted ladder of his rhymes,

Round after round and patiently
The poet ever upward climbs.
 ANSWERS:
4. Rhyme, alliteration
5. Repetition, rhyme, alliteration
References:
Estrada, N. L., et. al. (2017). English of the New
Generation 10. K-12 Revised Edition. Sunshine
Interlinks Pub. House, Inc. pp. 52-53, 151-152, 259-
260 & 380.

Web Sources:
PrepScholar: SAT/ACT Prep Online Guide and
Tips – blog.prepscholar.com
Buzzin: Learning Made Fun. (2004). Retrieved
October 9, 2006, from Buzzin:
http://www.buzzin.net/english/allit.htm
Defining Imagery: Prediction. Maryland
Technology Academy. (2000). Retrieved October
14,2006 from
http://cte.jhu.edu/techacademy/web/2000/baczk