Water pollution

Submitted by
Bayar shawkat
Soran najeb
Sherwan ibrahim
Hawyar jawhar
The Earth is a watery place. But how much
water exists on and in our planet?

About 71% of the Earth's surface is

water-covered, and the oceans hold
about 96.5% of all Earth's water.
Water also exists in the air as
water vapor, in rivers and lakes, in
icecaps, in the ground as soil
moisture and in aquifers
What is water pollution?

• Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change

in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living
thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. It is also
contamination of water bodies.
Some Data About Water Pollution
• Daily death of more than 14000 people all over the world.
• 580 people die daily in India due to water pollution.
• Around 90% water in the cities of China is polluted.
• Tens of millions of people in Bangladesh have been exposed
to poisonous levels of arsenic from contaminated
groundwater
Causes of Water Pollution
 Industrial waste. ...
 Sewage and wastewater. ...
 Mining activities. ...
 Marine dumping. ...
 Accidental oil leakage. ...
 The burning of fossil fuels. ...
 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides. ...
 Leakage from
 sewer lines.
History
The largest oil spill in the sea is
what happened in the second
half of January 1991 when the
Iraqi army, during the Iraqi
occupation of Kuwait, poured
Kuwaiti oil into the waters of
the Arabian Gulf at an
estimated daily rate of 6000
barrels. This formed an oil slick
that covered most of the
coasts of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia,
Bahrain and Qatar.
History
 Type of pollution

 Based on source

A. Natural source pollution

Sometimes water pollution can
occur through natural causes like
volcanoes, algae blooms, animal
waste, and silt from storms and
floods.
B. Human activity pollution

most water becomes pollute

d by human activities. These
include: throwing sewage
and industrial waste into
rivers and oceans, using
harmful fertilizers, and even
littering
Types of water source pollution
1. Surface water pollution.
2. Groundwater pollution.
3. Rain water pollution.
surface water
pollution
When a water become
pollutant by enter a
undesirable substance to
ocean or lack or sea from
factory and oil spill
Types of surface water pollution
Pointed source Non point source

Point source water NPS pollution is harder to identify and

pollution involves pollutants that are harder to address. It is pollution that
discharged from any identifiable, comes from many places, all at once.
singular source, such as a pipe,
ditch, drain, channel, tunnel,
conduit, well, container, or vessel.
Groundwater
pollution.
contamination occurs when
man-made products such as
gasoline, oil, road salts and
chemicals get into
the groundwater and cause it
to become unsafe and unfit for
human use. Materials from the
land's surface can move
through the soil and end up in
the groundwater.
Rain water pollution.
Effect polluted water on human
health.
Drinking, accidentally swallowing or swimming in water affected by a harmful
algal bloom can cause serious health problems including.

 Rashes.

 Stomach or liver illness.

 Respiratory problems .

 Neurological effects.
Effect polluted
water on
environment.

Pollution in the water can reach

a point where there isn't enough
oxygen in the water for the fish to
breathe. ...
Sometimes pollution affects the
entire food chain. Small fishes
absorb pollutants, such as
chemicals, into their bodies.
Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that removes
contaminants and undesirable components, or
reduces their concentration and improves the
quality of water to make it fit or more
acceptable for a specific end-use. The end use
may be drinking, industrial water supply,
irrigation
Type of water treatment
1- physical processes
such as distillation and filtration,
2- chemical processes
such as precipitation and neutralizing filter
3- biological processes
such as aerobic and anaerobic .
physical processes

1- Distillation is one of the oldest methods of water treatment

and is still in use today, distillation can remove up to 99.5 %
of impurities from water, including bacteria, metals, nitrate,
and dissolved solids in this method Water is boiled and the
resulting steam is collected and cooled to water in a
separate chamber that called distilled water, Generally,
distillation is used to supply water only for drinking or special
uses.
2-Membrane separation is a family of filtration processes in
which feedwater is forced through a semi-permeable barrier
(membrane) at high pressure to separate specific materials
from the solution
Chemical process
1-precipitation :chemical precipitation in water treatment is
the change in form of materials dissolved in water into solid
particles. Chemical precipitation is used to remove ionic
constituents from water by the addition of counter-ions to
reduce the solubility.

2-neutralizing filter : is used if drinking water is acidic (low

pH). It is a simple treatment device that raises the pH of
water by adding a neutralizing material. However, it should
be noted that the neutralization process may increase water
hardness.
biological processes
• Aerobic treatment is typically applied to
efficiently treat low strength wastewater (COD <1000
mg/L) when the treatment requires the presence of
oxygen.

• anaerobic treatment is typically applied

to treat wastewater with higher organic loading (COD
>4000 mg/L).
Newest method of water treatment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32Xb1q
Z1Acs&feature=youtu.be
No water
No life….
No blue
No green….