Statistical Analysis with

Software Application
Population
identifies the totality of objects under
investigation.

Sampling
is the method of getting a small part from
the population that serves as the
representative of the population called
sample.
 If the population under study is too large
to handle and will entail too much time,
cost, and effort, taking samples is a very
good alternative.
Slovin’s Formula
 Thesample size can be obtained
by the formula:
n= N
1 + Ne2
where: n = number of samples
N = total population
e = margin of error
Example
A group of students want to know the age of
students in San Beda College – Alabang IBED
Department but do not have the resources to
survey an entire population of 2,500. If they want
to use a sample with a 5% margin of error, what
should their sample size be?
Solution: N = 2500 e = 5% or 0.05
𝑵 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝒏= 𝟐
= 𝟐
= 𝟑𝟒𝟒. 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟒𝟓
𝟏 + 𝑵𝒆 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)
Compute for the sample size required for
each of the following populations.
1. N = 5,263, e = 3%
2. N = 8,000, e = 5%
3. N = 1,000, e = 2%
4. N = 2,500, e = 4%
5. N = 1,700, e = 1%
There are several sampling techniques that one
can apply in selecting the sample without being
accused as biased
A probability sampling method is any
method of sampling that utilizes some
form of random selection. In order to
have a random selection method,
you must set up some process or
procedure that assures that the
different units in your population have
equalprobabilities of being chosen.
Simple Random Sampling
 In this method, all members of the
population have equal chances of
being included in the study.
 This is applicable if the target
population is not classified into
different clusters, sections, levels, or
classes.
 Example: Lottery method
Stratified Random Sampling
This method is applied when
the population is divided into
different strata or classes
wherein each class must be
represented in the study.
Cluster Sampling
 In this technique, the selection of sample units is not
by individuals but by groups called clusters. The area
will be divided into clusters, then a desired number of
clusters will be selected at random.
Systematic Sampling

 Systematic sampling is a type of

probability sampling method in
which samplemembers from a
larger population are selected
according to a random starting
point and a fixed periodic interval.
This interval, called
the sampling interval, is calculated
by dividing the population size by
the desired sample size.
A core characteristic of non-
probability sampling techniques is
that samples are selected based on
the subjective judgement of the
researcher, rather than random
selection (i.e., probabilistic methods),
which is the cornerstone
of probability sampling techniques.
Quota Sampling
 It is a method which selects a certain population to
be surveyed.
 This technique is commonly used in opinion polls.
Convenience Sampling
 It is a method which the samples are selected
because of their accessibility.
 This technique is resorted to by researchers who
need the information the fastest way possible.
 This method may be fast but is also biased because
those who have no telephones do not have a
chance to be included in the study.
Classify each sample as, simple random, systematic,
stratified, cluster, convenience, or quota.
1. A lobbyist for a major airspace firm assigns a number to
each legislator and then uses a computer to randomly
generate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the
legislators corresponding to these numbers.
2. Every fifth person boarding a plane is search
thoroughly.
3. At a local community college, five statistics classes are
randomly selected out of 20 and all of the students
from each class are interviewed.
4. A researcher randomly selects and interviews fifty male
and fifty female teachers.
5. To ensure customer satisfaction, every 35th phone call
received by customer service will be monitored.
Long Test #1
Compute for the sample size required for each of
the following populations.
1. N = 1,500 and e = 2.5%
2. N = 875 and e = 5%
3. N = 3,250 and e = 0.1%
4. N = 465 and e = 3.75%
5. N = 4,580 and e = 1%
Identify the sampling technique used.
6. Thirty-five sophomores, 5 0 juniors and 3 7 seniors are
randomly selected from 538 sophomores, 448 juniors and
394 seniors at a certain high school.
7. A community college student interviews everyone in a
statistics class to determine the percentage of students
that own a car.
8. The names of 40 contestants are written on 40 cards. The
cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked
from the bag.
9. Based on 12,500 responses from 48,000 questionnaires sent
to its alumni, a major university estimated that the annual
salary of its alumni was $78,500 per year.
10. At a local community college, five statistics classes are
randomly selected out of 5 and selected students from
each class are interviewed.