Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Week 2
EARTHQUAKES
Predictablity
Linkages
Disastrous consequences
Impact of human activity
Minimizing the impact
Earthquake
Terminology
What causes
earthquakes?
Elastic Rebound
Sources of stress
Plate Tectonics
Other stresses
Measurement
Magnitude
one per earthquake
related to energy released
Richter or Moment scale
Intensity
many for each
earthquake
measure of
effects
Mercalli scale
Damage: Causes
Ground motion
Duration of
Shaking
Surface Rupture
Poor building
design
Effects
Rupture
Death
Bldg collapse
Effects
Fires
Liquifaction
Landslides
Damage:
Key
Factors
Amount & duration of shaking
Water content of soil
Population concentration
Building construction
Distance from Epicenter
Depth of focus
Direction of rupture
Material amplification
Addressing
the Hazard
Identify areas
at risk
Forecast
Addressing
the Hazard
Structural
adaptations
Warning systems
EARTHQUAKES
In what ways are earthquakes predictable?
To what other hazards are earthquakes
linked?
What are the potentially disastrous
consequences of earthquakes?
In what ways has human activity made
earthquake hazards catastrophic?
How can the hazardous consequences of
earthquakes be minimized?