PRINT MAKING

Johannes Gutenberg
The Father of Modern
Printing
HISTORY
• The technique of duplicating images
goes back several thousand years to
the Sumerians (c. 3000 BCE), who
engraved designs and cuneiform
inscriptions on cylinder seals (usually
made of stone), which, when rolled
over soft clay tablets, left relief
impressions.
SUMERIAN CLAY TABLETS
• The earliest printed image with an
authenticated date is a scroll of
the Diamond Sutra (one of the discourses
of the Buddha) printed by Wang Jie in
868 CE, which was found in a cave in
eastern Turkistan.
Diamond Sutra
• Albrecht Dürer
was the master of 16th-century
German graphic arts. One of the
towering figures in the history of
printmaking, he was a complex,
truly Renaissance man, interested in
philosophy and science as well as art.
• He was one of the first to break the
provincial isolation of Germany by
traveling to Italy, where he learned
from the Italians and in turn
influenced them.
• Hans Baldung
Another great German printmaker and
one of the most original artists of his time,
worked with Dürer. In his images of
witchcraft and magic, Baldung expressed
the medieval mysticism that lingered in
the German Renaissance.
• Besides his black and white work, he produced
fine chiaroscuro woodcuts in which light and
shadow are produced by using different
woodblocks for different tones of the
same colour.
Important dates and
names
• Screw printing press in 1450, by the
German Johann Gutenberg,
• 1799, the invention of lithography, by the
Austrian printer Alois Senefelder
• 1803, the invention of machine made
paper, by the Frenchman Nicholas Louis
Robert.
• 1800s, the replacement of Gutenberg's wooden
screw press with an iron framed lever press,
by Lord Stanhope, and the appearance
of Frederich Koenig's steam printing
machine.
• 1840, the invention of the revolving
perfecting press by American Richard
March Hoe,
• 1859, the invention of photo-lithography by
the French lithographer, Firmin Gillot,
followed in 1872 by his son's invention of
zincography, combining photography with
etching.
 SCREW
PRINTING PRESS
LITHOGRAPHY
MACHINE MADE PAPER
Iron Framed Lever Press
Steam Printing Machine.
Revolving Perfecting Press
TECHNIQUES IN PRINT
MAKING
• Relief printing
Here the background is cut down, leaving a
raised image which takes the ink. Materials used
in relief printing are usually wood and linoleum
• Intaglio printing (from the Italian 'intagliare'
to engrave)
In this process, a metal plate is used, and the
selected image is either engraved into the metal
with a tool known as a 'burin', or the plate is
coated with a waxy acid-resistant substance
called 'ground' upon which the design is drawn
with a metal needle
• Planographic (surface-printing)
In this process, the entire matrix surface is
involved, but some areas are treated to retain the
ink. The best known example is lithography,
during which the design is drawn onto the
matrix (stone) with a greasy crayon.
• Stencils
• Another print method is stencil-printing,
from which silkscreen printing (serigraphy)
is derived. In this process, a design is drawn
directly onto the screen, and undrawn areas
sealed with glue or varnish. Oil-based ink is then
squeezed through the mesh of the silk screen
onto paper.
PRINT MAKING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Printmaking in the Philippines did not
gain popularity as an art form until the
early 1960s.
Father Domingo de Nieva
▫ Built the first printing press in the Philippines
with the help of the Chinese printer Keng Yong
▫ It was a simple xylographic press (the wood was
carved, inked and transferred onto paper) but it
meant the first step to the publication of a
hundred of books in the Philippines
Doctrina Christiana
• Was an early book on the Catholic Catechism,
written in 1593 by Fray Juan de Plasencia, and is
believed to be one of the earliest printed
books in the Philippines.
Manuel Antonio Rodriguez Sr.
• (January 1, 1912 – May 6, 2017), also known by
his nickname Mang Maning, was a Filipino
printmaker. He was one of the pioneers of
printmaking in the Philippines and was dubbed
as the "Father of Philippine Printmaking".