THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

AN INTRODUCTION

Assoc Prof dr. Hamiadji Tanuseputro

HAMIADJI 2009
INTERACTION OF TEACHER AND LEARNER
 WHAT ARE THE MAIN
FUNCTIONS OF THE NS?

1. INTEGRATION -- to bring the person

into a membership with the society, so that
he can response correctly to his surrounding.

2. CONTROL -- to regulate the body

functions perfectly.
A GROUP INTERACTION (INTEGRATION)
 HOW DOES THE NS PERFORM THESE
FUNCTIONS?
1. Integration:
- Receiving stimuli from the surrounding
- Conducting impulses + Coordination + Responses
- Higher functions:
* Memories
* Emotions
* Thoughts
* Beliefs
* Behaviors
* Intelligence (understanding+reasoning)

2. Control: Regulating body functions by the autonomic NS.

 ORGANIZATION

1. Central NS (Brain + Spinal Cord)

2. Peripheral NS (Cranial nerves +

Spinal nerves)
 Cerebro-spinal
NS

Autonomic NS

Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Cranial Thoraco –
Sacral Lumbar
SOME PRINCIPAL
TERMS
THE BRAIN AND SPINALCORD
 THE NERVOUS TISSUE
1. Neuron (Irritability + Conductivity)

2. Neuroglia (Support + Nutrition)

3. Receptor (Receiving Specific Stimuli)

NEURON
MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE PACINIAN CORPUSCLE
 MORPHOLOGY

1. Brain (=Encephalon): (Cerebrum +

Cerebellum + Brain Stem)
2. Spinal Cord

3. Autonomic NS:
- Parasympathetic -- anabolic
- Sympathetic -- catabolic
THREE SENSORY SYSTEM

1. POSTERIOR COLUMN
2. ANTERO-LATERAL
3. SPINO-CEREBELLAR

THREE MOTOR SYSTEM

1. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL
2. PYRAMIDAL
3.CEREBELLAR

COMMON MOTOR PATHWAY

(Anterior Horn Cells)
THANK YOU
 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN SPINAL CORD

CRANIAL NERVES (12) SPINAL NERVES (31)

SENSORY FIBRES MOTOR FIBRES

THREE SENSORY SYSTEM THREE MOTOR SYSTEM

SOMATIC SYSTEM AUTONOMIC SYSTEM
1. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL
TO
1. POSTERIOR COLUMN TO
2. PYRAMIDAL
3.CEREBELLAR
2. ANTERO-LATERAL
SKELETAL MUSCLES CARDIAC MUSCLE,
3. SPINO-CEREBELLAR SMOOTH MUSCLE
COMMON MOTOR AND GLANDS
PATHWAY

SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC
SYSTEM SYSTEM
 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
CRANIAL NERVES* SPINAL NERVES

SENSORY FIBRES MOTOR FIBRES

GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT GENERAL SOMATIC EFFERENT

GENERAL VISCERAL AFFERENT

GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT

THREE SENSORY SYSTEM THREE MOTOR SYSTEM
1. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL
2. PYRAMIDAL
1. POSTERIOR COLUMN 3.CEREBELLAR
2. ANTERO-LATERAL COMMON MOTOR
3. SPINO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY (ANTERIOR
HORN CELLS)

AUTONOMIC SYSTEM
* Special Visceral Afferent SYMPATHETIC
Special Somatic Afferent
Special Visceral Efferent
PARASYMPATHETIC