PEARSON’S PRODUCT-

MOMENT CORRELATION
COEFFICIENT

Presented by : Kasaiah V
Rol l
no:130 03008
M-Pha rmacy
(Pa rt -1)
Dept.of
 Correlation

• Correlation is a statistical tool that helps to measure

and analyse the degree of relationship between two
variables.

• Correlation analysis deals with the association

betweentwoormore variables.

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 Types of correlation

Positive
Correlation
Correlation
Negative
Correlation

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Positive Correlation:

Increaseordecrease in Increaseordecrease in
firstvariable secondvariable

Eg: Height & weight

NegativeCorrelation:
Increaseordecrease Decreaseorincrease in
infirstvariable secondvariable

Eg: Price & quantity demanded

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 Pearson’s product-moment
correlation coefficient
• This was introduced by Karl Pearson (1867-
1936)

• Pearson's correlation coefficient between two variables is

defined as the covariance ofthe
two variables divided by the product of
their standard deviations 6
 Karl Pearson's Coefficient of
Correlation

• Pearson’s ‘r’ is the most common correlation

coefficient.

• Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation denoted by- ‘r’ The

coefficient of correlation ‘r’ measure the degree of linear

relationshipbetweentwo variablessay x& y.

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 Procedure for computing the
correlation coefficient

• Calculate thesumofthetwoseries ‘Σx’&‘Σy’.

• Square each deviation of ‘x’ & ‘y’ then obtain the sum of the
squareddeviationi.e.∑x2 & ∑y2.

• Multiply each deviation under x with each deviation under y &

obtain theproduct of ‘xy’. Thenobtainthesum of theproduct of
x,y i.e.∑xy.

• Substitutethevaluein the formula.

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Example
: Concentrat Absorbance
ion(X) (Y) XY X2 Y2

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 0.0778 0.0778 1 0.0060528
2 0.1543 0.3086 4 0.0232808
3 0.2286 0.6858 9 0.052258
4 0.3045 1.218 16 0.092720
5 0.3756 1.878 25 0.141075
ΣX=15 ΣY=1.1405 ΣXY=4.1682 ΣX2 =55 ΣY2=0.31538

=0.9995
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Interpretationof Correlation Coefficient(r)

• The value of correlation coefficient ‘r’ ranges

from -1 to +1.

• If r =+1,then the correlation betweenthe two variables is said to

be perfect and positive.

• If r =-1, then the correlation betweenthe two variables is said to

be perfect and negative.

• If r =0,then there exists no correlation between

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 Limits of Correlationcoefficient
• The correlationcoefficient lies between -1 & +1
symbolically (-1≤r ≥1).
• The correlation coefficient is independent of the
change of origin &scale.
Valueofr Correlation
• 1.00 Perfectorideal
• 0.90--0.99 Excellent
• 0.80--0.89 Veryhighcorrelation
• 0.60--0.79 Highcorrelation
• 0.40--0.59 Mediumcorrelation
• 0.20--0.39 Lowcorrelation
• 0.00--0.19 Negligiblecorrelation
• 0.00 Nocorrelation 11
 Merits

1) Degree of correlation: Karl Pearson’s methods

gives us exact measure of degree of correlation

between twovariables.

2) Direction of correlation: Itprovides theinformation

whether the correlation is positive or negative.

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 Demerits

1) Tedious calculations: Calculations of coefficient

of correlation by this method is long, tedious and

timeconsuming.

2) Quantitative measurements: Pearson’s

correlation can be used only for thoseattributes

which have quantitative measurements. 13

 PharmaceuticalApplications

1) Itis mainly used in theanalytical method validation

to render the method which results withprecise & accurate

values.

2) It is used in the early stages of drug development.

3) It is used to analyze the relationship between two variables like

Concentration Vs absorbance and Dose Vs therapeutic effect.

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 Conclusion

• Correlation coefficients are used to assess the

strength and direction of the linear relationships

betweenpairs of variables.

• Pearson's correlation should be used only when there is a

linear relationship between two variables. It can be a positive or

negative correlation.

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References:

1) Rastogi V. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, 2ed. NewDelhi:

Ane Book Pvt. Ltd.; 2011.pp 212-227.

2) Mukaka M. Statistics Corner: A guidetoappropriateuseof Correlation

coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal 2012;

24(3).pp 69-71.

3) Taylor R. Interpretation of theCorrelation Coefficient: A Basic Review.

JDMS 1990;6.pp 35-39.

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