LATERAL LOAD EVALUATION OF PREFAB HOLLOW SHEAR WALL

Internal Guide External Guide

Dr. HELEN SANTHI Dr. AJAY CHOURASIA
ACADEMIC RESEARCH DEAN PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING STRUCTURAL ENGG. DEPT.
SCIENCES, VELLORE INSTITUTE OF CSIR-CENTRAL BUILDING RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTE, ROORKEE
CHENNAI

BY
MANGESH DHUMAL
16MST1014
 Introduction

 Shear wall designed to resist lateral load falling on the building.

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 Shear wall significantly reduces the sway as it provides large strength and
stiffness in direction of orientation.
 Orientation of shear wall should be such that it should be symmetrical and
placed in the exterior of building.
NEED FOR PREFAB CONSTRUCTION

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Avoiding Construction Cost

Speedy Construction

Avoiding site errors

 OBJECTIVES

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 To understand the behaviour of precast hollow shear wall by applying cyclic
lateral load.
 To extract load Vs displacement curve (hysteretic curve) to know the strength,
stiffness and energy dissipation of the wall.
 METHODOLOGY
Project Introduction

1 Literature Review

Design Of Shear Wall as per IS:13920-

2016

Modelling and Analysis in Abaqus as per finalised

drawing

Casting of the structure for Experiment

Testing by applying Cyclic lateral load of 50T and +_75mm

displacement

Data Analysis and

interpretation

Comparison of Numerical
and Experimental Results
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Title & Journal Author Year Content

1 1. Full-scale Pseudo dynamic testing of the precast

concrete 3-storey frame was carried out.
Pseudodynamic tests on a full- PaoloNegro, 2. Frame consisted of two hollow precast concrete walls
scale 3-storey precast concrete DionysiosA. each consisting of three panels, boundary elements
3. Longitudinal and horizontal tensile cracks were
building, European Journal of Bournasand 2013 developed close to the wall end sections of maximum
Environmental and Civil FranciscoJ. moment.
Engineering Molina 4. Shear cracks were formed on the hollow web of the
wall with an angle to the vertical direction
approximately equal to 45 degrees.

1. Three specimens were tested under cyclic load, SW0 as

Experimental study on
Assembled Monolithic
Concrete Shear wall built with
precast two way slabs , The
Open Civil Engineering
Journal
RC shear wall, SW1 without vertical joint and DW1 with
a vertical joints
2. RC Shear wall had sharp diagonal cracking which
Mingjin Chu,
reduced horizontal and vertical bearing capacity leading
to brittle failure.
Jiliang Liu & 2014 3. The Precast hollow walls had two phases of failure first
the vertical cracks subdivided the wall in to partitioned
Zhijuan Sun walls and then in phase two these partitioned wall
resist the loading individually.
4. After testing it was concluded that due to vertical joints
the brittle failure was avoided, ductility and energy
dissipation capacity was improved.

Title & Journal
1
Experimental study on
mechanical behaviors of
new shear walls built with
precast concrete hollow
Moulds , European Journal of
Environmental and Civil
Engineering
Experimental Study on
Flexural Behavior of
Precast Concrete Shear
Walls with Vertical Joint,
The Open Civil
Engineering Journal
LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Year Content
1. In this research study six specimens were tested, SW1
was RC Shear wall and other five PCHM shear wall had
different dimension on the basis of Shear span ratio.
2. The shear wall had horizontal and vertical holes, after
Mingjin Chu, installation the reinforced bars were inserted in the
holes and concrete was poured in to the holes to form
Jiliang Liu & 2017 integrated shear wall. It was designed on principle of
Zhijuan Sun Strong Bending and weak in shear.
3. All specimens adaptive slit failure and prevented brittle
failure. As shear span ratio increased the horizontal
crack width increase that is deformation capacity
increased and stiffness degradation slowed down.
1. Low cyclic loading was applied on three test specimens
BW01 RC cast in situ shear wall, BSW1 without vertical
joints and BDW1 with vertical connections.
2. All Specimens had same shear span ratio as 2 and
Guangming designed according to “strong shear weak bending”
Qiu, Jiliang Liu, design principles.
2017 3. The bearing capacity and ductility of these shear wall
Mingjin Chu, was observed using hysteretic curves which showed
Gang Wang and almost same peak load for BW01 and BSW1, BDW1 had
higher strength. Ductility coefficient of all specimen
Muhe Liu was more than 7 that is they had good ductility factor.
4. The vertical joint were safe reliable and flexural maybe
ignored in this kind of shear wall.
 GENERAL OBSERVED BEHAVIOUR OF SHEAR WALLS

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Observation from previous tests.

Lateral Load on Shear wall Flexural Mechanism Shear Mechanism Plastic mechanism
 GENERAL OBSERVED BEHAVIOUR OF SHEAR WALLS

Characterisation from Hysteretic Curve.

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 DESIGN OF PRECAST HOLLOW SHEAR WALL

Designed as per IS:13920-2016.

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 NUMERICAL MODELING

Modeling
Element Type
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•Hollow Core Precast Shear wall– C 3D 8
C- Continum Stress/Displacement
3D – Three Dimensional
8-Nodes
•Reinforcement – T 3D 2
T-Truss
3D – Three Dimensional
2 nodes

•Constraint between
Reinforcement and concrete
is Embedded
•Interaction between
Precast panels and cast-in-situ
is tangential friction having coefficient 0.6
 NUMERICAL MODELING

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 NUMERICAL MODELING

Material Properties
•Concrete Properties
1.
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Basic Properties
Elastic Properties Value
Density 2.5E-006kg/m3
Young’s modulus (E) 27386.127 MPa
Poisson’s ratio (μ) 0.2

2. Concrete Damage Plasticity

Stress-strain curve in compression (Mander et al.,
Tension stiffening model (Nayal and Rasheed,
35 1988)
2006)
30 4.5
4
25 Stress-Strain Curve Stress Strain Curve
3.5
20 3
Stress

Stress
2.5
15
2
10 1.5
1
5
0.5
0 0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012
Strain Strain
 NUMERICAL MODELING

Material Properties
•Steel Properties
1.
1
Basic Properties
Elastic Properties Value
Density 7850 kg/m3
Young’s modulus (E) 2 x 105 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio (μ) 0.3

2. Plastic Properties

Stress-strain curve of reinforcement Fe 415

600

500

400
Stress

300 Stress Stain Curve

200

100

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
Strain
 CASTING OF WALL

1) 1
Concreting
Contents Batch Mix (kg).

Cement 338
Water 161
M30 concrete mix proportion Fine Agg. 792
20mm Agg. 773
10mm Agg. 490
Admixture 0.80% (3.4)
W/C ratio 0.45
 CASTING OF WALL

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Cube Testing Results Identification
Compression
Avg.
Mark with Age Of Wt. Of Load Compression
Strength
date of Specimen Specimen (KN) Strength
(Mpa)
casting (Mpa)
8.27 678 30.13
M30 SW 28 Days 8.22 725 32.22 32.47
8.4 789 35.07
 CASTING OF WALL

Raft Foundation Casting

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40mm nuts attached and plastic sheet.

Reinforcement laid on the strong floor.

Raft Formwork
Curing for 28 days
Laying of Concrete
 CASTING OF WALL

Prefabrication of RC Shear wall

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Bar bending of reinforcement for both walls Moulds are readied for concreting by cleaning and
oiling the mould and fixing it in position.

Mesh with the lattice girder is placed in mould

 CASTING OF WALL

Prefabrication of RC Shear wall

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Concreting is carried out

After 24 hours has passed the next mesh which
doesn’t have the lattice girder fixed to it is placed in
another mould which has been readied as earlier
moulds.
 CASTING OF WALL

Prefabrication of RC Shear wall

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Concreting is carried out for this mesh and after concreting has been completed
immediately the mesh with lattice girder which was casted earlier is rotated by 180°
and the lattice girder is inserted into the newly casted mesh from the top. Concreting is
carried out to cover the lattice girder inserted into the new mould so that there is
proper bonding.
 CASTING OF WALL

Prefabrication of RC Shear wall

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After concreting is completed demoulding is done and the casted components are lifted by the help
of lifting hooks and shifted to stacking yard for curing.
 CASTING OF WALL

Erection of Precast Shear wall

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Shear wall was erected using Gantry crane and jacks to hold it. Plumb was used to
check whether the wall is straight.
 CASTING OF WALL

Concreting
1 of Hollow portion

Shuttering and concreting of Hollow core portion of the wall

 Finishing and painting of wall

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 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Manufacturing of Experimental Setup

Fig. Load Distribution Fig.Out of Plane

 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Manufacturing of Experimental Setup

LVDT Frame and Data Acquisition system

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For acquiring data such as displacement and load, calibration of Linear Variable Displacement Transducer (LVDT) was done using
SYSTEM 7000 application in Strainsmart software. Perplex sheet of 50x50x5mm was pasted at required positions on the wall by
using Fevi quick and araldite adhesive. This Perplex sheet had threading of LVDT head which was attached during test.
 Final Setup

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 Quasi Cyclic Load Applied

In both numerical and experimental lateral quasi static load was applied as per ASTM2126

1 ASTM E-2126 Time Period

for fst=0.004Hz
10

6
Displacement mm

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

In practical Experiment 500 kN with ± 75 mm stroke

length actuator is used for testing.

Fig. 500 kN with ± 75 mm stroke length actuator

 ANALYTICAL RESULTS

STRESSES IN CONCRETE

STRESSES IN REBARS
 ANALYTICAL RESULTS

DAMAGE DUE TO COMPRESSION

DAMAGE DUE TO TENSION

 ANALYTICAL RESULTS

HYSTERESIS CURVE

1 500

400

300
LOAD (kN)

200

100

0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
-100

-200

-300

-400

-500
DISPLACEMENT (mm)
 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

(a) Rectangular notch on actuator side (b) Circular notch on opposite side

In the end we got to significant crack pattern in outer shear connectors one was rectangular notch on
actuator side and circular notch on opposite side. The precast wall didn’t have any cracks at all due to
uplifting of the wall.
 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

HYSTERESIS CURVE

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 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results

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Envelope Curve From Abaqus Envelope Curve From Experimental Analysis
500 400
400 300
300
200
200
100
100
Displacement 0 Displacement
0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
-100 -100
-200 -200
-300
-300

Load
-400
Load

-400
-500
 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results

Numerical and experimental results were near about same. But in numerical analysis the hollow
core portion has been lifted but in experimental analysis whole precast wall is uplifted by 2-4mm
uniformly. Both analysis have same Rectangular and circular notch formation in failure on loading
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and its opposite side respectively

Sr. No. Parameters Unit Numerical Experimental

1 Yield Load kN 400 350

2 Yield Displacement mm 19 14

3 Yield Stiffness kN/mm 21.57 25

4 Final Load kN 253 200

5 Ultimate Displacement mm 57 63.5

6 Ultimate Stiffness kN/mm 4.44 3.34

7 Drift % 2.27 2.4

8 Energy Dissipation kNmm 39388 40698

 Conclusion

•Outer precast wall helped in confinement while hollow core helped in reaching desired internal
load carrying capacity.
•Grade of concrete and reinforcement was adequate as no cracks were observed on the precast
wall
•Shear connectors prevented crushing of concrete in walls it was proven from the notch
formation outer shear connector. This notch formation is due to constant compression and
tension deformation in wall during the test.
•Tensile Failure was predominant at sides and outer shear connectors interface
•The wall was uplifted 3 to 5mm as it could not slip due to outer shear connector
Thank You