Sense relation is a
paradigmatic relation between words or
predicates. There are several kinds
of sense relations as a result of
the semantic relatedness between the
form and meaning and between two
meanings which will be discussed in the
following
Sense Relations
Synonymy Homonymy Polysemy Hyponymy Antonymy
Definition a word which words which word having a relationship the semantic
has the same are written in two or more between two words, relationship
sense, or the same way closely in which the meaning that exists
nearly the and sound related of one of the words between two
same as alike but meanings includes the meaning (or more)
another word which have of the other word; words that
different one lexeme denotes have opposite
meanings the subclass of the meanings
other
Simplified 2 lexemes = 2 lexemes 1 lexeme= 2 lexemes= similar 2 lexemes=
Definition same meaning (with the multiple meaning because opposite
(1 same same form) = related they belong to the meanings (2
sense) 2 unrelated meaning same segment of a opposite
meanings (2 or more domain (1 similar senses)
(2 unrelated related sense)
senses) senses)
Example small=little cross (cross a dirty floor vehicle(hypernym) alive-dead
big=large the street, a dirty trick car(hyponym) male-female
mother and she is cross, color(hypernym) present-
father=parents Jesus on the a dark room absent
red(hyponym) ,
politician=stat cross) a dark secret (co-hyponyms)
awake-asleep
esman
green, blue, purple,
black
Synonymy (2 Lexeme=1 Sense/ Same Sense)
Examples Words that are replaceable with each other and
the meaning of the sentence remains the same.
The street is very wide/broad .
You have my deep/profound sympathy.
Words that synonymous in one context but not
in the other one.
The student speaks with a broad British accent
The student speaks with a wide British accent.
The scouts are crossing a very deep river
The scouts are crossing a very profound river.
Conclusion a pair of words can be synonymous in one context
but may be not synonymous in other contexts.
Homonymy (2 Lexemes with the same form
=2 Senses)
Examples Our house is on the west bank of the river.
I want to save my first salary in the bank.
bank- the side of a river and the land near it
bank- an organization that provides various
financial services
In the ball the prince invites Cinderella to dance.
The boys like to play with the ball.
ball- a large formal party with dancing
ball- a round object used for throwing, hitting
or kicking in games and sports
Conclusion Homonymy deals with different meanings and
senses between words
Polysemy (1 Lexeme=Multiple Related Senses)
Examples The sun is very bright today.
She is a very bright student.
bright- shining
bright- intelligent
the sense of bright student brings the sense of
shine in that a bright student usually shines his/her
intelligence
Let us save our earth.
The children filled the hole with soft earth .
earth- planet
earth- soil
both contain the sense of land, i.e. earth as land,
not sky and earth as soil, not water.
Conclusion polysemy deals with the closeness or relatedness
of the senses of between words
Hyponymy [2 Lexemes=(1 Lexeme denotes the
subclass of the other) Similar Sense]
Examples Dog: Siberian Husky, Labrador Retriever,
Pomeranian, German Shepherd
bold- hypernym
italicized-hyponym
underlined-co-hyponyms
Animal: Dog, Rabbit, Fish, Flamingo, Snake
bold- hypernym
italicized: hyponym
Conclusion a relationship between two words, in which the
meaning of one of the words includes the meaning
of the other word
Antonymy (2 lexemes=2 opposite senses)
Types Gradable Antonyms
-expressions are gradable antonyms if they are at
opposite ends of a continuous scale of values (a scale
which can vary according to the context of use). Thus,
with gradable antonyms it is possible to be both "not
X" and "not Y", but somewhere in the middle.
Examples hot and cold
love and hate
always and never
Antonymy (2 lexemes=2 opposite senses)
Types Non-Gradable Antonyms
-These are also called complementary pairs,
complementary antonyms or direct opposites.
Examples male and female
married and single
alive and dead
![Hyponymy [2 Lexemes=(1 Lexeme denotes the
subclass of the other) Similar Sense]
Examples
Dog: Siberian Husky, Labrador Retri](https://screenshots.scribd.com/Scribd/252_100_85/189/449447165/6.jpeg)
