Colophony And Jalap

Hafiz Waheed Ullah

COLOPHONY

Synonyms :

Rosin, Yellow resin; Abietic anhydride: Colophony resin:

Amber resin: Resin: Coloponium.
Urdu: Damar
Biological Source :

Colophony is a solid residue left after distilling off the

volatile oil from the oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustrts
(long leaf pine) and other species of Pinus such as P.
roxburghii (syn. P. longifolia) and P. pinaster

Family: Pinaceae.
Geographical Source:

• Geographical Source:
• The genus Pinus is widely found in United States,
France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, New Zealand,
China, India (Himalayan region), and Pakistan.
• Colophony is chiefly produced in the United States
contributing about 80% of world supply.
• Other countries producing the resin are China, France,
Spain, India, Greece, Morocco, Honduras, Poland, and
Russia.
Collection:
• Collection:
• The collection of the oleoresin is very laborous procedure.
Although Colophony is a normal (Physiological) resin of Pinus
species, its amount is increased by injuring the plant.
• For its collection a few-feet long groove or blaze is made in the
bark with the help of knife or some other instrument. A metal or
earthenware cup is attached below the groove by nails.
• The cup is adjusted accordingly when the size of groove
increases.
• The resin is taken out at different intervals and sent for further
processing.
Preparation:

• Preparation:
 The crude oleoresin is mixed with turpentine, heated in
a stainless steel vessel and filtered.
 The filtrate is allowed to stand to separate water and
other Impurities.
The diluted oleoresin is steam distilled in copper or
stainless steel stills to remove turpentine.
After distillation the molted resin is transferred into
barrels, cooled and exported.
Characters :
• Characters :
• Colophony occurs as translucent, hard — shiny, shiny, sharp,
pale yellow to amber fragments. brittle fracture
• At a higher temperature burns with a smoky flame leaving not
more than about 0.1% of ash.
• Slight turpentine-like odour and taste,
• Melts readily on heating,
• Density 1.07-1.09.
• Acid number is not less than 150.
• It is Insoluble in water but freely soluble in alcohol, benzene,
ether, glacial acetic acid, oils, carbon disulphide and alkali
Chemical Constituents:

• Chemical Constituents:
• Colophony contains resin acids (about 90%), resenes,
and fatty acid esters. Of the resin acids about 90% are
isomeric α-, β-, and γ-abietic acids; the other 10% is a
mixture of dihydroabietic acid and dehydroabietic acid.
Before distillation, the resin contains excess amounts of
(+) and (-) pimaric acids. During distillation the (-)
pimaric acid is converted into abietic acid while (+)
pimaric acid is stable.
• The other constituents of Colophony are sipinic acid and
a hydrocarbon
Structures
Chemical Tests

• Chemical Tests:

1. To a solution of powdered resin (0.1 g) in acetic acid (10

ml) one drop of conc. Sulphuric acid is added in a dry test
tube. A purple colour, readily changing to violet, is formed.

2. Alcoholic solution of Colophony turns blue litmus to red

due to the presence of diterpenic acids.
Uses:
Uses:
1. Colophony is used in pharmacy for the preparation of zinc oxide
plasters, ointments and other adhesive plasters.
2.The abietic acids show antimicrobial, antiulcer and
cardiovascular activity and as a diuretic in veterinary medicine.
3. It is widely used in the manufacture of printing inks, rubber, dark
varnishes, sealing wax.
4. It also finds its application as varnish and paint dries, cements,
soaps, wood polishes, paper, plastics, fireworks, tree wax and rosin
oil.
5. It is used for waterproofing cardboard, walls etc
JALAP

Synonyms :
Jalap root: Radix jaiapae; Mexicarl or Vera cruz Jalap.
Biological Source :
Jalap is the dried tubercles or tuberous
roots of Ipomoea purga Hayne (syn. Exogoniuin purga
Benth).
Family : Convolvulaceac.
Geographical distribution

Jalap is a large, twining plant indigenous to Mexico.

It is also found in India, West Indies, Jamaica and South
America.
Characteristics and Collection

• Jalap tubercles are fusiform, napiform or irregularly

oblong in shape, and 3–5 cm long. They are extremely
hard and heavy. The surface is covered with a dark
brown, wrinkled cork, which is marked with lighter-
coloured, transverse lenticels.
• The tubercles are collected mainly in autumn. The larger
specimens are cut into pieces to facilitate drying.
• It may be extracted from the powdered drug with boiling
alcohol (90%). On pouring a concentrated tincture into
water, the resin is precipitated and may be collected,
washed and dried.
Jalap root
Chemical constituents

• Jalap contains resins (8-12%), volatile oil, starch, gum

and sugar. The main constituent of Jalap resin is
convolvulin which contains 8 hydroxy groups esterifled
with valeric. tiglic and exogonic acids.
• It also contains ipurganol, jalapin, p-methyl esculetin,
palmitic and stearic acids, and mannitol.
• Convolvulin on hydrolysis gives glucose, rhamnose and
convolvulinic acid.
Uses

Jalap can stimulate the intestinal secretion, it act as laxative

in small doses and purgative in large doses, and it is also
used as hydragogue cathartic.