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Metrology – Lecture 6
Statistical Interpretation of
Experimental Data
Instructor: Dr. Waqar Ahmed
Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila
waqaraq@gmail.com
Some statistical concepts
• Variables (𝑥, 𝑦) • Variance
• Mean (𝑥,ҧ 𝑦)
ത σ𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 2
(𝜎𝑥2 = 𝑖=1 𝑖
)
𝑛−1
• Median (Exactly middle value)
• Covariance
• Mode (Most repeated value)
• Correlation
• Standard deviation
• Co-median
σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 −𝑥ҧ
2
(𝜎𝑥 = ) • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
𝑛−1
ҧ
𝑛 (𝑥𝑖 −𝑥)(𝑦 ത
𝑖 −𝑦)
Covariance, 𝜎𝑥𝑦 = σ𝑖=1
𝑛−1
Covariance Interpretation
• If +ve => Both variables increase or decrease together
Ψx = Ψ 𝑋 = 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛(𝑋)
Median Absolute Deviation
• It is analogous to standard deviation Ωx = Ψ 𝑋 − Ψ𝑥
Co-Median
• Analogous to covariance matrix Ω𝑥𝑦 = Ψ 𝑋 − Ψ𝑥 𝑌 − Ψ𝑦
Correlation Median
• Analogous to correlation
Ψ 𝑋 − Ψ𝑥 𝑌 − Ψ𝑦
𝛿𝑥𝑦 =
Ψ 𝑋 − Ψ𝑥 × Ψ 𝑌 − Ψ𝑦
or
Ω𝑥𝑦
𝛿𝑥𝑦 =
Ω𝑥 Ω𝑦
Interpretation of Correlation Median / Co-
median
• Same as for correlation / covariance
• It is less sensitive to noisy data / outliers
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