De Nora MIOX

MIOX Product Line Introduction

ELECTRODE TECHNOLOGIES & WATER TECHNOLOGIES

Agenda
• MIOX History
• MIOX Today
• MIOX Electrolysis Process
• System Process Flow
• MIOX OSG Product Range
• OSG Features
• Electrolytic Cell Design
• Hydrogen Gas Venting
• Water Quality Guidelines
• Salt Quality Guidelines
• Design Considerations for Ancillary Equipment
• Mixed Oxidant Chemistry

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 2

How it all started

TEHCNOLOGY
LEADER
MIOX has invested more than
24 years in research and
development to provide the
most cutting edge on-site
generation technologies and
chemistries. MIOX continues to
set high standards by brining
customers innovative products
and customized chemistries.

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 3

MIOX Today
+4,000 INSTALLED Base
Municipal (2000+)
1500 in the United States
500 in Latin America, Middle East and Asia

Comfort Cooling (500+)

Buildings: Paramount NY (11), US Government (10)
Hospitals (100+): VA (9), John Hopkins, Univ. of Chicago, Northwestern,
Cal State, VCU, U of North Carolina…
Hospitality: Hyatt (3), Hilton (1)…

Industrial Cooling (500+)

Data Centers: Amazon, Large Search Engine Provider, Leading
Semiconductor Manufacturer, Leading Credit Card Company
District Cooling: NRG, Enwave
Power Plants (10+) - PREPA, PNM, NIPSCO
Other Industrial: CF Industries, Levi Strauss, Southwire, 3M

Food & Beverage (10+) – Coca Cola, AB Inbev

Oil & Gas (6) – Southwestern Energy, Express Energy, Newalta

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 4

MIOX Electrolysis Process
HYPO HYPOCHLORITE

MOS HYPO PEROXIDE

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 5

 MIOX Electrolysis Process
Cell Reactions

• Anode Primary Reaction (+ Side): 2 Cl- → Cl2 + 2 e-

• Cathode Reaction (- Side): 2 H2O + 2 e- → H2↑ + 2 OH-
• Chlorine Hydrolysis Reaction: Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + Cl- + H+
• HOCl Equilibrium Reaction: HOCl ↔ OCl- + H+ (depends on pH)

If you stop here, you have a hypochlorite generator…

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 6

 MIOX Electrolysis Process
Cell Reactions

• Anode Primary Reaction (+ Side): 2 Cl- → Cl2 + 2 e-

• Cathode Reaction (- Side): 2 H2O + 2 e- → H2↑ + 2 OH-
• Chlorine Hydrolysis Reaction: Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + Cl- + H+
• HOCl Equilibrium Reaction: HOCl ↔ OCl- + H+ (depends on pH)

If you stop here, you have a hypochlorite generator…

…But if you add more power…

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 7

 MIOX Electrolysis Process
Cell Reactions

• Anode Primary Reaction (+ Side): 2 Cl- → Cl2 + 2 e-

• Cathode Reaction (- Side): 2 H2O + 2 e- → H2↑ + 2 OH-
• Chlorine Hydrolysis Reaction: Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + Cl- + H+
• HOCl Equilibrium Reaction: HOCl ↔ OCl- + H+ (depends on pH)

If you stop here, you have a hypochlorite generator…

…But if you add more power…

• Anode Secondary Reaction (+ Side): 2 OH- → H2O2 + 2 e-

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 8

Process Flow
• Softened water to electrolytic cell and brine tank
• Salt and water mix in brine tank to form saturated brine
• Saturated brine enters the electrolytic cell
• Electrical current is passed through the electrolytic cell producing oxidant
• Hydrogen gas produced during the electrolysis process is vented outside
• Oxidant solution leaves the electrolytic cell and is stored in the oxidant tank
• Oxidant solution is dosed into the treatment process by a metering pump
• OSG turns ON/OFF from a signal located inside the oxidant tank

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 9

Process Flow
• Relatively larger or multiple OSG configuration may require a stand pipe
• Depending on customer requirements, dilution air blower systems may be incorporated

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 10

MIOX OSG Product Range
HYPOCHLORITE

MOS (HYPO + PEROXIDE)

2 to 2000 lb/day (0.9 to 906 kg/day) per generator

RIO Zuni AE Series VAULT RIO RIO-S Mobile Trailer

 0.9 kg/day  1.8 – 3.6 kg/day  6.8 – 45.4 kg/day  60 – 227 kg/day  113 – 906 kg/day  360 - 544 kg/day
 MOS only  MOS only  MOS and HYPO  MOS and HYPO  MOS and HYPO  Typically MOS
 Self cleaning  NSF61 Certified  Standard and self  Standard HYPO and  Standard and self  Fully automated
 CE Marked cleaning self cleaning MOS cleaning  Plug and play
 NSF61 Certified  CE Marked  NSF61 Certified  CE Marked
 NSF61 Certified  PLC controlled  NSF61 Certified
 PLC controlled  PLC controlled

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 11

RIO Zuni
• 0.9 kg/day FAC production
• Generates MOS @ 0.4%
• Top mount or integrated brine tank configuration
• Self cleaning
• CE marked
• NSF61 certified
• Capability of remote monitoring by adding a small
communication module
• Typical scope of ancillary equipment:
• Feed RO system
• 150 liters integrated brine tank
• 150 liters oxidant storage tank with level
switch
• Power requirements: 110 to 240 VAC, 1 ph

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 12

RIO Zuni

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 13

AE SERIES
• 1.8 – 3.6 kg/day FAC production
• Generates MOS @ 0.38 – 0.5%
• Mounting options:
• Wall mount
• Vertical stand
• Skid mounted with softeners, water filter and boost pump
• NSF61 certified
• Power requirements: 110 or 220 VAC, 1 ph

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 14

VAULT SERIES
• HYPO Systems 11.3 – 45.4 kg/day FAC production
• Standard HYPO generated at 0.8%
• Self cleaning HYPO generated at 0.65% or 0.8%
• MOS Systems 6.8 – 27.2 kg/day FAC production @ 0.45%
• Modular: upgradable to 4X the capacity within the same enclosure
• Construction: powder coated aluminum frame and HDPE cabinets
• Mounting options:
• Wall mount
• Vertical stand
• Skid mounted with softeners, water filter and boost pump
• PLC controlled, AB Micorlogix 1400 and PanelView Plus 600 HMI
• NSF61 certified
• CE marked
• Power requirements:
• 200 – 240 VAC, single phase
• 380 – 530 VAC, three phase (Wye connection)
• Remote monitoring via PLC or add on REDLION module

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 15

VAULT SERIES

AB PLC

Power Supplies
Touch Screen

Electrolytic Cell

Brine Pump

Inlet Water Plumbing Brine Filter

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 16

RIO SERIES
• Standard HYPO Systems 45 – 225 kg/day FAC production @ 0.8%
• Self cleaning MOS Systems 27 – 135 kg/day FAC production @ 0.45%
• Modular: upgradable to 5X the capacity within the same enclosure
• Construction: powder coated aluminum frame and HDPE cabinets
• Free standing design
• NSF61 certified
• PLC controlled, AB Micorlogix 1400 and PanelView Plus 600 HMI
• Power requirements:
• 400 or 480 VAC, three phase
• Remote monitoring via PLC or add on REDLION module
• Built in AC to DC transformer

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 17

 RIO SERIES

AB PLC & HMI

Heat vent

Water in
Electrolytic Cell Salt in
Cabinet Oxidant out
Plumbing
Cabinet

Transformer
Cabinet Main
Disconnect

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 18

RIO-S SERIES
• HYPO Systems 227 – 907 kg/day FAC production @ 480VAC
• HYPO systems 181 – 726 kg/day FAC production @ 400VAC
• MOS Systems 136 – 544 kg/day FAC production @ 480VAC
• MOS systems 113 – 454 kg/day FAC production @ 400VAC
• Self cleaning for MOS systems only
• Modular: upgradable to 4X the capacity within the same enclosure.
Consists of four cell racks. Each cell rack consists of 4 cells. Note: a
cell rack can be isolated without interrupting the operation of the
OSG
• Construction: epoxy coated steel frame and enclosure
• Free standing design
• PLC controlled, AB Micorlogix 1400 and PanelView Plus 600 HMI
• Transformerless design, uses rectifier diodes to apply VDC to cell
• NSF61 certified
• CE marked
• Power requirements:
• 480 or 400 VAC, three phase
• Remote monitoring via PLC or add on REDLION module (standard)

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 19

 RIO-S SERIES

AB PLC
Controls Cabinet
Data
Transfer/Connectivity
Main Circuit
Breaker
Relays

Circuit Breakers

Switchgear
Cabinet
Diodes

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 20

 OSG Features
Patented Self Cleaning

• Patented self-cleaning through

reversing polarity of the cells to
remove impurities and salt build up
on the electrodes.
• This proprietary process virtually
reduces the need for acid cleaning
and operator intervention.
• The OSG will periodically enter into a
self cleaning mode based on number
of hours of operation
• Available in Zuni, Vault HYPO/MOS,
RIO MOS and RIO-S MOS systems

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 21

 OSG Features
Automated Flow Control
• Automatic flow control with PID controller to provide optimal brine feed minimizing operator
intervention
• New leak detection indicator to isolate cell bank and avoid potential failure. The leak detection
circuit can detect a rupture disc failure and will shut down the OSG to avoid catastrophic failure

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 22

 Electrolytic Cell Design
• Constructed of high quality CPVC material with
titanium electrodes. The anodes are coated with
metal oxide catalytic coating for electrical efficiency
and maximum longevity
• The electrodes are solid flat plate with bipolar
configuration to facilitate current distribution and
minimize voltage drop through the electrodes
• Modular cell design for improved efficiency and
reduced footprint.
• Provides customers with the option to increase
future production capacity within the same
enclosure.
• MIOX electrolytic cells are uniquely designed to
ensure consistent oxidant production across the
cell surface.

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 23

 Electrolytic Cell Design
• Hydrogen Safety – MIOX electrolytic
cells are designed for minimum cell
dead volume. Excess space in the cell
provides space for hydrogen gas to
accumulate. By keeping the available
gas volume to a minimum, the risk of
creating an explosive condition is
minimized. The figure to the right
shows the relative gas volumes
available in MIOX cells versus
conventional circular cell design
configurations.

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 24

Hydrogen Gas Venting
Liquid Barrier Hydrogen Vent System
• A safer hydrogen venting process, via
a liquid barrier
• No moving parts
• No electrical components
• No check valves.
• Uses a gas trap system to prevent
hydrogen gas from entering the
oxidant storage tank.
• Dilution air blower(s) is always an
option:
• Blower(s) only
• Passive venting + Blower(s)
• Standpipe + Blowers on large
systems
• MIOX has a detailed hydrogen safety
white paper

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 25

Water Quality Guidelines

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 26

 MIOX Salt Guidelines
• MIOX recommends the use of high quality food
grade salt for brine generation to minimize
issues that could arise from using low grade
salt.
• MIOX has developed a full guide for salt
quality, acid wash frequency and brine filtration
requirements.
• A salt Specification worksheet is available for
use. The worksheet determines whether or not
a specific customer salt is suitable for us with Salt Specification Information

MIOX systems based on concentration of For reduced maintenance, MIOX Corporation requires softened water, and strongly recommends use of metering disks that regenerate softeners more
often to ensure minimal transfer of calcium. In addition, MIOX recommends salt with minimal levels of calcium, magnesium, and insolubles. If salt with
higher levels of these contaminants is used, maintenance requirements will increase. To calculate the contaminants in any salt, enter the relevant values

certain contaminants like calcium, magnesium,

from the spec sheet into the yellow cells below.

Calculations
Enter % or ppm for contaminants in the cells below and the % by atomic weight will be calculated.
insolubles, etc. The worksheet also provides (Note that 1 ppm equals 0.0001%.)

Name Symbol Percentage (%) Concentration (ppm) Pos Ion Neg Ion

recommendation for acid cleans frequency Calcium sulfate

Magnesium sulfate
(CaSO4)
(MgSO4)
0.16 0.0464
0
0.1136
0

based on the salt quality. Magnesium chloride

Calcium chloride
Calcium & magnesium
(MgCl2)
(CaCl2)
(Ca & Mg)
0.02
0.02
0.005
0.0072
0
0.015
0.0128
0
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 0 0
Tri calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) 0 0
Insolubles --- 10

Calcium (Ca) 0.05 0.05

Magnesium (Mg) 25 0.0025

Salt Total Ca (%) 0.0536%

Calculation Total Mg (%) 0.0050%
Results: Insolubles (%) 0.0010%

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 27

 Design Consideration for Ancillary Equipment
• Water Softeners – MIOX electrolytic cell requires softened water for
the electrolysis process. the maximum feed water hardness
concentration entering the cell should not exceed 17 mg/L (1 gpg). For
RIO Zuni units, a small under the sink RO system is supplied for
hardness removal. Always utilize duty/standby water softener
configuration.
• Brine Generators – they are typically sized for 15 – 30 days of salt
storage. We typically use open top HDPE tanks with mechanical float
switch and brine well for tanks up to 500 gallon (1,900 liters) capacity.
For larger systems we use outdoor FRP brine silos ranges from 10 to 80
metric tons storage capacity. The brine silo is typically loaded with salt
via a pneumatic truck. The same brine tank is used to feed the cell as
well as water softener regeneration.
• Oxidant Storage Tanks – they are typically sized for 12 – 24 hours
storage capacity. Materials of construction can be HDPE, XLPE or FRP
depending on tank size. Oxidant tanks are supplied with either a
simple level switch or a pressure transducer/level controller, which can
be used for real time tank level monitoring. Each tank must include a
properly sized liquid barrier hydrogen vent system as a minimum.

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 28

 Design Consideration for Ancillary Equipment
• Water Boost/PRV – depending on the OSG size, the required feed
water pressure ranges between 25 – 100 psi (1.72 – 6.9 bar). Feed
water boost pumps or pressure regulating valves may be required
upstream of the OSG depending on the site conditions.
• Water Heater/Chillers – the recommended feed temperature ranges
for OSG operation is 50 – 80 Deg. F (12 – 27 Deg. C). Feed water heater
or chillers should be utilized if the feed water temperature at site is
outside the recommended temperature range.
• Chemical Injection Pumps – the concentration of the chemical
generated must be taken into consideration for sizing the injection
pumps. Remember that MIOX HYPO can be generated at 0.8% or
0.65% and MIOX MOS is generated at 0.45%.
• Interconnect Piping – recommended interconnect piping upstream of
the OSG is sch. 80 PVC. For piping downstream of the OSG, sch. 80
CPVC piping or equivalent must be used. No valves or obstructions are
allowed in the OSG discharge piping or in hydrogen vent piping.
MIOX’s hydrogen safety white paper must be followed for the proper
installation of hydrogen vent piping.

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 29

Mixed Oxidant Chemistry
Advantages
The peroxide component in Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) enhances the
performance of the chlorine

• Superior microorganism inactivation

• Control/Eliminate biofilm
• Reduced coagulant consumption
• Longer-lasting residual
• Reduced formation of DBPs
• Accelerated breakpoint chlorination - Improved taste and odor
• Cost effective removal of Ammonia and Sulfides
• Faster oxidation of manganese

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 30

MOS is More Effective than HYPO
• Legionella is easy to kill by any Hypochlorite based product
• It is not easy to kill biofilm forming Pseudomonas
• You can control Legionella by controlling Pseudomonas

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 31

MOS is Superior in Microorganism Deactivation
• Indicates Chemistry is Different
• Produces more powerful disinfectant than Hypochlorite
• More power is derived from Hydrogen Peroxide in solution with Hypochlorite <48 hrs

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 32

Biofilm Harbors Legionella and Corrosion
Biofilm Harbors Coliforms
Although Hypochlorite and other proprietary
biocides perfectly inactivates Legionella, it cannot
inactivate Legionella in the Biofilm
* Montana State University, Center of Biofilm Engineering (MSU-CB)
Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC)
The presence of biofilm modifies deposition
and dissolution rates of minerals, and by this
mechanism, influences the electrochemical
properties of the metals or alloys. Pitting
corrosion is a great example as seen below.*
Pitting corrosion on 316S stainless steel*
ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 33
Biofilm Removal Across Many Applications

Piping Pool

Condenser Frac Pond

Gravity Filter Hot Tub

Cooling
HVAC

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 34

Disinfection By-Product Formation Reduction

• DBP troubleshooting can help identify if MOS makes sense…

Surface Mix/Floc/Clar Filtration

Source
Clearwell
Distribution

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 35

Disinfection By-Product Formation Reduction

• DBP troubleshooting can help identify if MOS makes sense…

If High DBPs are measured

prior to Distribution System,
Improved pretreatment may
help

Surface Mix/Floc/Clar Filtration

Source
Clearwell
Distribution

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 36

Disinfection By-Product Formation Reduction

• DBP troubleshooting can help identify if MOS makes sense…

If High DBPs are measured If High DBPs are forming

prior to Distribution System, in Distribution System,
consider Mixed Oxidants
Improved pretreatment may
help

Surface Mix/Floc/Clar Filtration

Source
Clearwell
Distribution

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 37

Lower Disinfection By-Product Formation

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 38

Reduced Dose + Higher Residuals

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 39

 Microflocculation Effect
Microflocculation Effect May Improve Organic Matter Reduction
and Reduce Coagulant Consumption/Cost
• Effect can improve removal and settleability at a lower effective dose
• Enhanced DOC removal can lead to lower DBP formation potential

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 40

Microflocculation Effect

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 41

Questions?

ELECTRODE AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES 42