DESIGN AND

FABRICATION
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
OF THE PHILIPPINES – TAGUIG
CAMPUS
MECHANICAL AND ALLIED DEPARTMENT

MACHINE DESIGN 2 | NOVEMBER 25, 2019

OF A SWEEPER
MACHINE
INTRODUCTION

The Technological University of the Philippines – Taguig

Campus is an educational institution known for many trees
residing in a lot area of 8.5 hectares. It can be observed as well
that although the school already provided respective trash
bins, inconsiderate disposal of plastic films, papers, disposable
utensils, and other litters is still present. This in turn, requires the
school administration to hire personnel to clean and facilitate
the school premises.
INTRODUCTION

With the help of innovation and advent of technology,

the proponents introduce an efficient solution by making a
mechanized sweeping equipment to reduce human effort and
lessen the time consumption. The basic concept of the design is
to collect litters using a high-speed rotating roller brush and disc
brushes as it conveys directly to a collecting unit. The machine
will do a much better job in substantially reducing time
consumption upon cleaning the involved walkways.
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For collection of wastes, in which

educational institutions account a portion
on the above problem and, given the
proponents have had the opportunity to
conceptualize a prototype which uses a
different method instead of manual
sweeping. The cleaning personnel of
Technological University of the Philippines –
Taguig Campus are not the only
beneficiary of this study, as well as the
university itself to utilize labor allocations.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of the study is to design and fabricate
a mechanical sweeper machine to perform the task of
collecting litters such as plastic films, leaves, and papers.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To identify significant factors such as standard specifications of
components which needs consideration for computation and design of
the machine.
2. To fabricate frameworks of the machine.
3. To conduct tests by having a run-through if the machine is more
efficient than manual sweeping, and;
4. To evaluate the performance of the project in terms of quality of output.
5. To provide a user manual containing machine description, and safety
instructions.
 Significance of the Study
The results of the study will benefit the following:
 To the Cleaning Personnel – this can be beneficial to reduce human efforts
and save time with an increase in efficiency.
 To the university – this is beneficial as well to the university for utilization of labor
allocations
 To the BSME students – the intention of the study is to perceive the topics in
Machine Design by applying learned theoretical
concepts into actual application.
 To the future researchers – the findings of the study will give adequate
information to those who will undergo similar study
and serves as a good reference for a further
development and innovation.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

SCOPE
 The machine is designed to operate specifically on outdoor walkways
with flat and even surfaces.
 The product ranges from design, computation, fabrication, testing and
evaluation of the mechanized sweeper.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
DELIMITATION
 Street wastes such as dried leaves, plastic films, PET bottles, papers, and
twigs are only the target wastes to be collected.
 Dusts cannot be collected by the machine.
 The sweeper is not suitable to run on steep surfaces.
 The sweeper cannot operate well on wet surfaces.
 The sweeper cannot be used in cleaning on uneven surface.
 The sweeper cannot collect objects that weighs more than 150
milligrams.
 The machine is poor in collecting long and strand-like objects.
GANTT CHART

GANTT CHART
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
AUTHORS: BAGABAG J.,
GESMUNDO R., GLORIA R.L.,
LEAL J., MALIBIRAN, R.J., PILON
Fig 2.0 Mechanized Cleaner
R.H., LUMABAN A.V.
The machine incorporates both work
TITLE: MECHANIZED FLOOR reduction and less time consumption in
CLEANER (Local Study) cleaning the covered court. Especially
SOURCE: Technological
designed rugs and brush are one of the key
University of the Philippines – elements in attaining suitable results. The
Manila Campus’ Library (Thesis vacuum was also included at the front to
and Dissertations) gather all dusts.
Ave.time consumed by MFC − time consumed by Janitor
% Time Speed =
time consumed by MFC
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
AUTHOR: HAAGA

TITLE: Haaga 497

SOURCE:https://www.haaga-
sweeping.com/images/bedien
ungsanleitungen/BA_haaga-
375_477-497-Profi-haaga-
Version_2017-08-
15.compressed.pdf
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND
COMMON MATERIAL OF BRUSHES
STUDIES FOR SWEEPER MACHINES
AUTHOR: TVH Nylon
TITLE: Parts for Scrubbers & Polypropylene
Sweepers (foreign literature)
Steel Wire
SOURCE:https://media.tvh.co
m/content/pdf/brochures/part
s/accessories/17153677_Scrub
bersSweepers_EN.pdf
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
AUTHOR: OSBORN Unipol Front Brooms
TITLE: Innovative Solutions for Side Brooms
Road Sweeping Technology
(foreign literature)

SOURCE:https://www.osborn.
com/media/PDF/literature-
de/Osborn-Roadsweeping-
English.pdf?fbclid=IwAR06WL
ZNzj8NQ9E7FhrGKz7lw48LOC
VvIOR9V6rNmm6PBYOdxQHtJ
J9tYSs
REVIEW OF RELATED
 Shaft is loaded by twisting couples in
LITERATURE AND planes that are perpendicular to the
STUDIES axis of the shaft. (see page 66)
 Physical properties of common
metals is shown in the figure below.
AUTHOR: ANDREW PYTEL,
FERDINAND L. SINGER (see page 553)

TITLE: CHAPTER 3: TORSION

SOURCE: STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS–FOURTH EDITION
(BOOK)
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
AUTHOR: Dr. Firas Obeida
TITLE: Electric Machines I: DC
Machines – DC Motors (Foreign
Literature)
Efficiency of a system can be generally
defined as the ratio of power output
relative to power input. In DC motors
this becomes the mechanical power
out relative to the electrical power in:
η = POUT /PIN
η = effiecncy

SOURCE:www.philadelphia.ed
u.jo/academics/fobeidat/uplo
ads/Electric%20machines%20I/
7%20DC%20machimes-
%20DC%20motors.pdf
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the

description of the research
method, operation and testing
procedures, parts, fabrication,
and installation of the
mechanized floor sweeper. The
research paradigm of the
study as shown in the figure
below serves as the basis for
designing the equipment.
 PRE–FABRICATION PHASE

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 The proponents observed that the clogging of road drainages is due to
litters on the channels of the street. Because of this, we designed a
mechanized street sweeper to be used conveniently and intended to
increase productivity and reduce effort of the street sweepers.
DATA GATHERING
 The proponents consider different sweeping equipment that are readily
available in the market to help us conceptualize a monolithic machine.
Also, the proponents have identified suitable material selection needed
in the computation and fabrication phase.
MATERIAL SELECTION

 Mild steel for square tube and angle bar

 Galvanized Steel for metal sheet
 Solid rubber wheels
 Polypropylene for Brushes
 Lead Acid Battery
 Direct Current (DC) Motor
 V-belt
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF DESIGN

Fig 2.0 Isometric view of the sweeper machine

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF DESIGN

Fig 3.0 Exploded diagram of side brush Fig 4.0 Exploded diagram of roller brush
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF DESIGN

Fig 5.0 The frameworks of the machine Fig 6.0 The collecting unit of the machine
I. SHAFT ASSEMBLY

Outside Diameter, Do = 1 in
Roller Brush (mild steel) Inside Diameter, Di = 0.5 in
Length, L = 29 in
**Thickness, t = 0.08 in

Side Brush (mild steel) Outside Diameter, Do = 0.5 in

Length, L = 10 in

Bristle Base (Polymer PA 6) Outside Diameter, Do = 2 in

Inside Diameter, Di = 1 in
Length, L = 18 in
Power Transmission–Roller Brush
Assembly

For rotative speed:

g Where:
y g = gravity
[ Nc = ] s = shaft deflection
2π T = torque transmitted
W = total weight of shaft
For Torque: R = radius

[ T = WR]
Power Transmission–Roller Brush
Assembly

From [ P = 2πTN ] Where:

P = Power
N = rotative speed
N = 3075.6 rpm T = torque transmitted

T = 4.8621 lb-in

So, P = 177.026 W use P = 200 W

Comparison motor ratings vs shaft
(Roller Brush) requirement
Motor’s
Rating Roller Brush
Parameter Shaft
(with η =
Requirement
75%)
Power (W) 200 177.026

Speed (rpm) 2250 1800

Torque (lb-in) 6.008 4.8621

Power Transmission–Roller Brush
Assembly

From [ P = 2πTN ]
Where:
P = Power
N = 3075.6 rpm N = rotative speed
T = torque transmitted
T = 1.375lb-in
So, P = 52.22 W use P = 100 W
Comparing motor ratings vs shaft
(Side Brush) requirement
Motor’s
Rating Side Brush
Parameter Shaft
(with η =
requirement
75%)
Power (W) 100 55.95

Speed (rpm) 2250 2250

Torque (lb-in) 2.110 1.375

Advantage of using hollow shaft for
Roller Brush Assembly
Hollow
Solid
Parameter (Do = 1”/Di =
(Do = 1”)
0.84”)
Torque required, lb-
6.57 4.19
in
Weight, lb
6.459 1.902
(based on density)
Shear stress allowed,
33.46 42.51
psi
II. BELT DRIVE

• Type B, Rubber
V Belt • Width, b = 1 in
• Thickness, t = 0.5 in
• Groove angle, β = 40°

Belt Sheave • Cast Iron

• Pitch diameter 1, Dp1 = 2.0 in
• Pitch diameter 1, Dp2 = 2.5 in
 Belt Design Requirements—Length

Approximated sheave center-to-center distance, C = 16 in

π (DP2 −DP1 ) 2
and from [ L = DP1 + DP2 + 2C + ]
2 4C

Where:
so, L = 39 in L = length of belt
Dp1 = smaller sheave
Dp2 = larger sheave
C = center distance
Belt Design Requirements—Tension
Ratio
fθ Where:
F1 −Fc
from [ =𝑒 sin β ] F1 −Fc
= belt tension ratio
F2 −Fc F2 −Fc
f = coefficient of friction
θ = contact angle of driver
𝑭𝟏 −𝑭𝒄
so, = 11.029
𝑭𝟐 −𝑭𝒄
Belt Design Requirements—No. of Belts

Where:

a, c, e = vbelt power
constants
Kd = small diameter factor
Dp1 = smaller sheave, in
V = velocity of belt, fpm
Rated Hp for V belt = 1.41
Hp
 Belt Design Requirements—No. of Belts

103 0.09 c e V2 V
from Rated Hp for V belt = a ( ) − − 6 ]( 3)
V Kd Dp1 10 10

Where:

a, c, e = vbelt power constants

Kd = small diameter factor
Dp1 = smaller sheave, in
V = velocity of belt, fpm

Rated Hp for V belt = 1.41

Belt Design Requirements—No. of Belts

Adjusted Rated Hp = [ K θ x K L x Rated Hp ]

Where:

K θ = arc-of-contact correction factor

K L = length correction factor

Adjusted Rated Hp for V belt = 1.18 Hp

 Belt Design Requirements—No. of Belts

Designed Hp = (Transmitted Hp) ( Nsf )

Where:
Designed Hp = 0.268 Hp Nsf = safety factor (for shafting,
with DC shunt motor)

Designed Hp
Design No. of belts =
Adjusted Rated Hp

Design No. of belts = 1

FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION PHASE
FABRICATION OF PARTS AND ITS ASSEMBLY
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULT

PROJECT TESTING
 The proponents conducted a survey to the cleaning
personnel of the university how much hours they have
spent cleaning their own respective areas, what they feel
after the duty and their comments about the cleaning
materials they are using.
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
DATA INTERPRETATION
 CONCLUSION
Mechanized sweeper is a machine which uses side brushes
and roller brushes replacing the normally used sweeping materials in
an innovative way with the help of advancement of technology and
knowledge that gives a hand to the sweeping aides in their daily job
routine in an environment friendly way of making it automatic by
using batteries rather than gasoline. Litters like plastics, papers,
leaves, carton, plastic bottles, etc. are easily collected by the
machine by simply pushing the machine to a smooth area where
trash or litters are present, getting the collected litters when the
volume of the trash bin is at its favorable weight to be carried by the
operator and putting it in the main trash can.
RECOMMENDATIONS

 Future researchers may use high torque low speed motor than high
speed low torque motor.
 The trash bin can be change to plastic trash bin.
 Add vacuum.
 Add transmission and connect motor to wheel.
 Use lighter materials for frame.