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Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agricultural Mini Farm Vehicle Using

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 Journal of Automation and Automobile e-ISSN: 2582-3159
Engineering Volume-2, Issue-2 (May-August, 2020)

www.matjournals.com https://doi.org/10.46610/JoAAEn.2020.v05i02.002

Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agricultural Mini Farm Vehicle

Using Scooter Engine
Hanumesha Pujar1, Prashant D Banakar1, S C Sajjan2
1
Assistant Professor, 2Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. L. E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi, Karnataka, India.

*Corresponding Author: hanupujar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT the most important sector in the world. For many

Work has been carried out to design and
fabricate a multipurpose agricultural vehicle, to
perform agricultural operations like goods
carrying, pesticide spraying, inter‐cultivating,
ploughing. These operations are carried out in
sandy loam deep soil. Some modifications were
done which includes fabricating a compact
vehicle which can be moved easily in the fields.
Use of hand tools for cultivation is still leading in
India because tractors need resources which
many farmers cannot afford. The need for
improvisation in agriculture is very much
essential, it is important to fill the gap between
farmers and technology implementation. The
improvement and sustainability of the crops
mainly depends on the adoption of improved
resource conserving cropping systems. But most
of the necessary components already exist, the
information about the availability and
performance of equipment is very poor between
farmers and agricultural research and
development departments. From the recent years
the input to the farms increased such as fertilizer,
insecticide, pesticides, HYV seeds, farm labor
cost etc. Increase in the cost makes small land
holding farmers at a risk. Due to this lack of
information suicide rate is increasing yearly, we
need to identify the common factor for this.
Because of commercialization of agriculture the
suicide rate is increasing. But the crisis remained
untouched. Commercialization of the landscape
along with large reduction in investment in
agriculture was the beginning of the decline.
Keywords-- Agricultural Machine, CAD Model,
Inter‐Cultivator, Pesticides Sprayer, Plough
INTRODUCTION
We all know that agriculture is the
backbone of the Indian economy. “A man who can
survive for three days without food for three days
will quarrel, for a week will fight and for a month or
so will die”. Agriculture is the branch of science and
art of farming which includes cultivating the soil,
production of crops and raising the economy. It is
years, agriculture has been carried out in a small
range cultivating between 2 to 3 hectare, with the
help of human labor and traditional tools such as
wooden plough, yoke, leveler, harrow, mallet,
spade, big sickle etc. These are used in land
preparation, sowing of seeds, weeding and
harvesting.
As mentioned earlier agriculture plays a
vital role in India’s economy. Over 58% of the rural
families depend on agriculture for their survival.
Agriculture counted for 17.4 of India’s GDP in
2015-16. India stands second in agriculture output.
Around 95 million hectares of land is being used for
agriculture. [1]
Indian farmers cannot use modern
agricultural techniques and equipment because these
are too expensive and difficult to purchase. By
inculcating scientific farming methods, we can get
maximum yield and we can increase the quality of
the crops which can save a farmer’s life, but the
majority of farmers are still using ancient methods
due to lack of knowledge or lack of expenditure for
utilizing modern tools.
Design, Development and Fabrication of
Multipurpose Agro Machine. The focus of this
article is to design and develop agricultural
equipment to perform seed sowing, fertilizer
spreading and pesticide spraying operations. The
first among the above mentioned operations is
mechanically driven which consist of an intermittent
metering mechanism to serve a primary purpose of
achieving uniformity between the seeds to be sown.
The other two operations are achieved by using a
motor and submersible pump powered by a battery
which in turn is recharged by a photovoltaic array.
And they concluded as After comparing various
models the agro machine has considerable potential
to increase productivity and decrease the labor
effort, cost and time. It is an effective replacement
for usual labour in medium and small scale farm
lands. The model is designed to be eco-friendly and
less maintenance, operating cost [1]. Design and
Fabrication of Multipurpose Agriculture Equipment.
In this work an attempt has been made for the design
and fabricate multipurpose agricultural vehicle for
farmers at lesser cost. The different components of
the above multipurpose machine are modeled using

7 Page 7-15 © MAT Journals 2020. All Rights Reserved

 Journal of Automation and Automobile
Engineering
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one of the parametric modeling software Creo
parametric 1.0. The modeled components are
fabricated and assembled together to form a
complete machine. And they have concluded as the
multipurpose field equipment is relatively cheap and
particularly useful for medium-scale farmers. The
cost of the machine was estimated approximately as
Rs.20000. The major advantage of this design is the
ability of this equipment to perform several
operations, which include automatic sowing,
weeding, Spraying, grass cutting and land
preparation [2]. An Innovative Model for
Multipurpose Agricultural Use”. In this work they
have invented a multipurpose machine for carrying
out different farming activities with less effort and
in less time. It is an eco-friendly device working on
solar energy. For this purpose, we are using solar
panels as power supplying devices which convert
solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical
energy is further converted into mechanical energy
by motor. This model introduces the term
“Autonomous Agriculture” which means we can
perform agricultural operations in required time and
in required areas which is pre-specified by the
operator. The advantages in agricultural production
to increase productivity improve application
accuracy and enhance handling safety. And they
have concluded as the review of the papers that there
is a need for innovation of sowing, digging and
others such machines for the enhancement of
farmers. Due to the rapid growth in industries is
influencing the laborers who are situated in the
villages to migrate to the cities. This will create the
labor problem for agriculture. The wages for the
labor is also more. As the prices of commodities
such as food grains, fuels, cloths and other essentials
of daily life is increasing rapidly the laborers
demand for more wages from the owners. These
factors influence the farmers who are interested in
agricultural activity to leave their land uncultivated.
By adopting this work in the field of agriculture we
can help the farmers in the earlier stage of
agriculture like during the seeding and fertilizing.
[3]. Design and Development of Multi-Utility
Agricultural Vehicles”. In this work they explained
about the old method of agriculture and equipment
used, which do not yield more. So they developed
semi-automated multipurpose agricultural wheel
hoes to use for weeding, ploughing and cultivating
in single equipment. Their aim is to reduce the
manpower required for the operation wheel hoe. The
only way is to automate it but they do not fully
automatic it due to few constraints not available of
electricity in villages, and it will require
microprocessors and sensors which will again
increase the cost and might require skill to use it.
And they concluded that the equipment is beneficial
to farmers and its performance increases when
operating on a smooth surface. [4]
8 Page 7-15 © MAT Journals 2020. All Rights Reserved
e-ISSN: 2582-3159
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https://doi.org/10.46610/JoAAEn.2020.v05i02.002
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The present agricultural equipment is of
high cost. The rent of the machines is also
considerably high. The machines are not easy to
handle. The machines require a skill labour. The
present machines are single purpose use. In early
days, to perform any task of farming we required
separate equipment for every different task. Here we
are trying to make such an equipment that will
perform a number of operations like sowing,
weeding, grass cutting, tillage, ploughing, grinding,
water lifting and spraying etc. with engine operated
Four wheeler.
OBJECTIVES
Multipurpose agriculture equipment can
perform a number of functions like Sowing,
Weeding, Tillage, Grass Cutting, ploughing,
grinding, water lifting and Spraying. To minimize
the cost, this equipment can be run on an engine. To
Easy handling. Also there will be a minimum weight
and compact in size. To Spraying and Inter-
cultivating can be done simultaneously, it will
reduce the labor cost.
COMPONENTS
Engine
An “Engine” is a motor which converts
chemical energy into mechanical energy. Four
stroke engines were first demonstrated by “Nikolaus
Otto in 1876”, hence it is also known as Otto cycle.
It consists of 4 strokes of the piston that is one cycle
is completed in every two revolutions of the
crankshaft. Each stroke consists of 180o, of
crankshaft rotation and hence a cycle consists of
720o, of crankshaft rotation.
In our mini farm vehicle, we have used a
four stroke engine. The engine is placed at the
middle of the frame to balance the vehicle. The
engine shaft is connected to the front axle by means
of chain and sprocket. The speed can be controlled
by the accelerator provided at the right side of the
handle [6-7].
Shaft
A Shaft is used to transfer the power and
torque and also it supports reverse bending. Power
is transmitted from an electric motor or an engine to
rotating parts of the system. Shafts have circular
cross sections. Difference between a shaft and an
axel is that the shaft rotates to transfer power but an
axel is just like a round cantilever beam, so it is not
subjected to fatigue. Shafts have different modes to
transfer power and torque such as gears, sprockets,
 Journal of Automation and Automobile e-ISSN: 2582-3159
Engineering Volume-2, Issue-2 (May-August, 2020)

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pulleys, etc. and also have grooves to keep elements

rigid and avoid vibration. In our work we have used
a shaft attached to the frame by means of journal
bearing, one sprocket is connected to the engine
shaft and another sprocket is connected to the front
axle [8].

Chain Figure 1: Cultivator Tool.

It is shown in figure 1 One way of the name

Chain and sprocket mechanism is used to
perform the same job as a belt and pulley, both
transfer motion and force from one shaft to another.
A belt can slide on a pulley but the teeth on the
sprocket stop the chain from sliding. A chain and
sprocket is used wherever a positive
There are six types of power transmission chains
refers to frames with the teeth, soil is dragged
through it linearly. Other ways it refers to equipment
which uses rotary motion of disks or teeth to achieve
the same result. The rotary tiller is a suitable
example [9].
Cultivators stir and crush the soil, either
before planting to aerate the soil, or after the crop
has started growing to kill weeds.

1. General purpose roller chains, used in industry. Frame

2. High performance roller chains which are
stronger than general purpose roller chains.
3. Lube-free chains, used without lubrication.
4. Corrosion resistant chains with special.
5. Specialty chains, type a, used as bicycle chains,
motorcycle chains, automotive chains
6. Specialty chains, Type b, including miniature
chains, leaf chains and inverted tooth chain, i.e.
Silent chain
Pump
It is one of the simplest equipment used in
any process plant. Purpose of this is to convert the
energy of an electric motor or turbine. Initially into
velocity or kinetic energy and next into pressure
energy of the fluid. The energy changes occur by
means of two parts impeller and diffuser. The
impeller is the rotating part that converts driver
energy into the kinetic energy while the diffuser is
the stationary part that converts the kinetic energy
into pressure energy.
It as shown in figure 2 consists of an
internal frame which supports an object in its
construction. It is similar to a skeleton. Resembles
chassis of a vehicle, consisting of the frame. If the
wheels are included, then it is called a rolling
chassis.
Chassis are considered to be one of the
important configurations of an automobile. Frame is
used to hold both the body of the machine and the
power train. Various mechanical components like
the engine and the drivetrain, the axle assemblies
including the wheels, the suspension parts, the
brakes, the steering components, etc., are bolted
onto the chassis. We have used a hollow square tube
of 3×3 size.

Grinding Wheel

Grinding is a metal cutting operation

performed by means of abrasive particles mounted
on a rotating wheel. Abrasive particles act as a single
point cutting tool and grinding wheel acts as a
multipoint cutting tool. Grinding is one of the
commonly used finishing operations. It removes
material in minute chips of 0.25 to 0.50 mm size. It
gives accuracy up to 0.000025 mm.
F. Cultivator tool
Figure 2: Frame.
METHODOLOGY
PLANNING

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 Journal of Automation and Automobile e-ISSN: 2582-3159
Engineering Volume-2, Issue-2 (May-August, 2020)

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For carbon steel 𝜎𝑦 = 353𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 taking from

• Identified the problem from the formers. D.D.H.B, P.no 464, TBL No I.8
• To overcome the drawback (space
requirement, weight, cost etc.) of the present 𝜎𝑦𝑎𝑙𝑙 < 𝜎𝑦 Therefore, the design is safe.
vehicle. planned to develop a new equipment
• Design of equipment as per the plan. B. Design of key
• Estimate the cost of final equipment. Torque transmitted by a key is
• Material preparation
• Material used: Scooter engine, pump, rigid 𝑑 𝑑
𝑀𝑡𝑠 = 𝐾𝑡𝑠 = (𝜏𝑑2 𝑏𝑙)
shaft, journal bearing, metal sheets, nut and 2 2
bolt, mild steel L-angle, flat plates, wheels and
𝑑 25
tires, hollow steel tube, etc. b= = = 6.25𝑚𝑚 b = h=6.25mm
2 4

Fabrication Consider a eqn of key hence

• Cutting the raw material as per the design and Based on shear strength
shape.
• Building the frame. 2𝑀𝑡 2 × 10 × 103
• As per the dimension drill the hole on frame. 𝑏=
𝜏𝑑𝑙
⇒ 6.25 =
3.26 × 𝑙 × 25
• Fixing the journal bearing.
• Mounting of shaft in bearing. 𝑙 = 39.26 ≃ 40𝑚𝑚
• Mounting of chain and sprocket on the shaft.
• Mounting the engine and pump on frame. Based on crushing strength
• Mounting the wheel on the axle.
• Mounting the required attachment on a frame. 4𝑀𝑡 4×10×103
ℎ= = ⇒ h=12.26mm
• Start the work. 𝜏𝑑𝑙 3.26×40×25

The angle of twist in a shaft subjected to a torque

Working
(radians) for (axel)
𝑇𝐿
• Attach the ploughing tool to the mainframe 𝜃 = ⇒ eqn no.1.3(c)
𝐽𝐺
using nut and bolt, and complete the work.
• While leveling the soil remove the present tool 10×103 ×610
𝜃= ⇒ 𝜃 = 0.00198𝑟𝑎𝑑
38.349×103 ×80×103
and attach the leveling tool.
(0.1139°)
• While seeding attach the seed drill tool to
frame.
Gear Ratio
• While sprinkling connect pump to engine and Considering with torque
connect pump to nozzle through pipes. N1 = N3 = N5 = N7 = 4000rpm
• If grinding of tools requires attaching a From the specification of engine
grinding wheel to the engine by chain drives. N2=369rpm, d=25mm, G=84×103N/mm2, m=70kg,
• If we require cutting of grass in lawns and T=10N-m, W = 70×9.81 = 680N, P=6.25HP
garden, we can attach grass cutter to the Frame (4.6kw),
by nut and bolt L=610mm=0.61m,
𝜋 𝜋
J = 𝑑4 ⇒ × 254 = 38.394×103mm4,
DESIGN AND FABRICATION 32 32
Design of Shaft 𝑁1 4000
= 17.33⇒ N2 = ⇒ N2=230.81rpm
𝑁2 17.33

16𝑇 16×10×103 𝑁3 4000

𝜏= = 𝜏=3.26N/mm2 = 10.82⇒ N4 = ⇒ N4=369.68rpm
𝜋𝑑 3 𝜋×253 𝑁4 10.82

𝜏 3.26 𝑁5 4000
𝜏 = 0.5𝜎𝑦 ⇒ 𝜎𝑦 = = = 6.25𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 𝑁6
= 10.82⇒ N 6=
6.1
⇒ N6=655.73rpm
0.5 0.5
𝑁7 4000
= 2.75⇒ N8 = ⇒ N8=1454.54rpm
𝑁8 2.75
𝜎𝑦𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 6.25𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

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Journal of Automation and Automobile e-ISSN: 2582-3159
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D. CAD Models

Figure 3: Frame.

Figure 4: Plough Tool.

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Journal of Automation and Automobile e-ISSN: 2582-3159
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Figure 5: 200mm Sprocket.

Figure 6: Leveling Blade.

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Journal of Automation and Automobile e-ISSN: 2582-3159
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Figure 7: 3D View of Mini Farm Vehicle.

Figure 8: Assembled Mini Farm Vehicle.

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RESULTS
Comparison between Bullock and Mini Farm Vehicle

Table 1: Comparison Between Bullock and Mini Farm Vehicle.

Steps Involved In Primitive Method with Manual Tractor Powered
Multipurpose Mini
Agriculture and Features of Workers And Modern Method
Farm Vehicle
The Mechanization Bullock Equipment Equipment
Tilling using
cultivator once
Oxen ploughing Oxen ploughing
Field operation and gyrator
3 times 3 times
once and harrow
once
Extra workers Weeding is
Weeding cannot
required depends mechanized here
Weeding be done by using
on the area of the and no need of
tractor
land extra workers
Implementation of
scientific method and No Yes Yes
Precision farming.
Less than 3 More than 3 Less than 3
Suitable for total area of Land
Hectares Hectares Hectares
Number of workers
High Low Low
Involved
Time consumed for More Less Moderate
Working
Flexible for multipurpose
Yes No Yes
Operation
Worker condition Required skilled Required skilled
Unskilled workers can do the job.
workers Workers
Fuel consumption No 4 liter 2 liter

Performance Analysis

Table 2: Performance Analysis.

Fuel Consumption Time Required
Field Operation Land Area (acre)
(liter) (hours)
Inter-Cultivating 1 2 2
Cultivating 1 2.5 2
Ploughing 1 3-4 4
Leveling 1 2 2
Pesticide Spraying 1 1-1.5 2

CONCLUSION REFERENCES

The equipment is designed and developed
for the farmers having small farming land of 10-12
acre. It is useful for spraying, inter-cultivating,
ploughing as well as weeding at minimum cost for
the farmer so that he can afford it. The equipment
will result more helpful when it is used in moist soil
for wedding purposes, due to moisture content
present in the soil the weed cutter can easily
penetrate the soil and hence will easily accomplish
the weeding process.
The performance of the equipment will
increase when it is operating on the smooth surface
or less uneven surface and also it will be more
effective when it is used on the crops with the same
height and have less gap between two crops.
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