BECOMING A MEMBER

OF
SOCIETY
“ All that is valuable in human society
depends upon the opportunity for
development accorded the individual”.
-Albert Einstein
Lesson 1:
Enculturation/Socialization
a. Identity Formation
b. Norms and Roles
c. Statuses and Roles
IDENTITY
The qualities, behavior, values,
beliefs, personality, looks and/or
expressions that make a person.
It is flexible and can therefore
change according to situations
and circumstances.
Factors that contribute to change are:

a. Environment
b. Context
c. Expectations

From societies, groups, or other

identities that it interacts with.
 Identity Formation:
Three Major Perspectives
1. Identity Theory
-roles assigned to individuals
2. Social Identity Theory
-group membership and acceptance
by the group
3. Personal Identity Theory
-personal characteristics of an
individual
 Sense of Self
How good am I as a
Who am I? person?
-Self-concept -Self-esteem
-Beliefs -Worthiness
-Self-efficacy
-Accomplishments
 Personality
Characteristics of a person arising from
the interaction of:
a. Genetics
b. Socialization
c. Enculturation
d. Life experience
Factors Influencing Sense of Self
Control
Who or what
controls your life?

Internal
External -your own
-outside forces choices &
decisions
Culture provides everyone with
norms, values, expectations, and
other information needed to live with
others in the group. Values and
norms of a society are passed on to
or acquired by its members through
the process of Enculturation.
Norms: Shared ideas and
expectations about how certain
people ought to act in given
situations.

Values: Shared ideas or standards

about the worthwhileness of goals
and lifestyle.
Status
In general, status is associated
with prestige. It may be because of
an individual’s:
a. Lifestyle
b. Education
c. Vocation
Role
set of norms, values, behaviors,
and personality characterictics
attached to a status. An individual
may play one or more roles.
 According to sociologists,
STATUS describes the position a
person occupies in a certain
situation. We all engage in various
statues and play the ROLES that
may relate to them.
Role Conflict
stems out from the challenging
and opposing pressures of two or
more roles that struggle for our time
and attention.

e.g. A student’s role is different if the

individual is a full-time student or a
working student.
Mga part timers! Haha!
Ascribed

Basic
Types of
Status
Achieved
• Ascribed Status
Fixed for an individual at birth.
Include those based upon sex, age,
race ethnic group and family
background.

• Achieved Status
Those which the individual acquires
during his or her lifetime because of the
exercise of knowledge, ability, skill
and/or perseverance.
Gender Identity
A personal understanding of oneself as
male or female.
Gender Role
A set of norms imposing the types of
behaviors which are usually
considered acceptable, appropriate or
desirable for people grounded based
on one’s real or supposed sex or
sexuality.
Lesson 2:
Conformity and Deviance
a. Social control (gossip, social ostracism, laws
and punishment)

b. Forms of deviance (ritualism, retreatism,

rebellion, and innovation
Conformity
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to
correspond with a group criterion.
The “chameleon effect”
A social psychology phenomenon
wherein people tend to make
themselves blend into the environment.
Why do people Conform?
The need for acceptance and approval
of others;
Fear of embarrassment, ridicule, or
rejection by group.
Conformity: Good or Bad?

Conformist=
Team Player

Individualist=
Deviant
Deviance
The opposite of conformity.
A behavior, trait, belief, or other
attributes that defies or violates a norm
and triggers an undesirable outcome.
Forms of Deviance:
1. Innovation- acceptance of goals but not
as means of reaching them.
2. Ritualism- abandon of goals but maintain
expected behaviors.
3. Retreatism- reject both goals and means
of reaching them.
4. Rebellion- seek to substitute new goals
and means for existing goals and
means.
Social Control
is necessary to ensure that a society
functions smoothly
-Primary means
-self control
-Other agents
a. Police d. Peer Group
b. Family e. Public Opinion
c. Religious Figure
Agents of Ideological Social Control

Family

Government Education

Agents

Media Religion

Sport
Purpose of sanctions:
• To encourage people to follow
social norm.

Importance of social control to

society:
• Social Stability- for society to function
smoothly.
Lesson 3:
Human Dignity, Rights and the Common
Good

“ Self-worth as the sense of one’s own value or

worth as a person”.
 Dignity of Human Person
 Children and Elderly
 Male or Female
 Christianity, Buddhism, or Others
 White or Black
 Rich and Poor
Concepts Concerning Human Dignity
Individual’s possessions of basic
rights.
Basic respect of persons.
Human being had a personal worth.
Dignity and Human Rights
Human rights may be explained as
those essential rights of man
necessary for the exercise of human
dignity.
Two Kinds of Rights

Rights that human

Natural Rights nature bestow to the
person.

Rights spelled out by

Legal Rights positive national and
international laws.
 Human Rights and Facets of the
Human Person
1. Physical 7. Political
2. Spiritual 8. Social
3. Moral 9. Economic
4. Personal 10. Cultural
5. Social 11. Artistic
6. Intellectual
Common Good
Refers to the social condition that
stimulates and upholds the dignity of
people, permitting them to attain
maximum potential and obtain the
rights and privileges essential for a
favourable living.
And I Thank You! :D
Case Situation:
You were invited to attend a party.
You were so excited about the event.
Upon arrival, you were shocked to
discover that you are overdressed for
the occasion. What would you do?
How would you feel? Why?