Dei technical college

DHA-05
Diploma in electrical
engineering 2 year
DHA-05

GOPAL SHARMA - 1804640

GULREZ WARSI - 1804641
HARENDRA K. BAGHEL- 1804642
HARSHIT OJHA - 1804643
HIMANSHU PRAKASH - 1804644
HIMANSHU SINGH – 1804645
HRITIK BRAJWAR - 1804646
 Australian Bushfires
What is it ?

Bushfires in Australia are a widespread and regular

occurrence that have contributed significantly to moulding the
nature of the continent over millions of years. Eastern Australia
is one of the most fire-prone regions of the world, and its
predominant eucalypt forests have evolved to thrive on the
phenomenon of bushfire Howeverr the blazes can cause
significant property damage and loss of both human and animal
life. Bushfires have killed approximately 800 people in Australia
since 185 and millions of animals.
Picture of Australian bushfire
 Cause of bushfire in Australia

The most destructive fires are usually preceded by extreme high

temperatures, low relative humidity and strong winds, which combine to
create ideal conditions for the rapid spread of fire.Severe fire storms are often
named according to the day on which they peaked, including the five most
deadly blazes: Black Saturday 2009 in Victoria (173 people killed, 2000
homes lost); Ash Wednesday 1983 in Victoria and South Australia (75 dead,
nearly 1900 homes); Black Friday 1939 in Victoria (71 dead, 650 houses
destroyed), Black Tuesday 1967 in Tasmania (62 people and almost 1300
homes); and the Gippsland fires and Black Sunday of 1926 in Victoria (60
people killed over a two month period.[4] Other major conflagrations include
the 1851 Black Thursday bushfires, the 2006 December bushfires, the 1974-
75 fires, and the ongoing 2019–20 bushfires.In January 2020, it was estimated
that over 1.25 billion animals have died in the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire
Ignition

• In recent times most major bush fires have been started in remote areas
by dry lightning or by electric power lines being brought down or arcing
in high winds. Many fires are as a result of either deliberate arson or
carelessness, however these fires normally happen in readily accessible
areas and are rapidly brought under control. Man-made events include 
arcing from overhead power lines, arson, accidental ignition in the
course of agricultural clearing, grinding and welding activities,
campfires, cigarettes and dropped matches, sparks from machinery,
and controlled burn escapes. They spread based on the type and
quantity of fuel that is available. Fuel can include everything from trees,
underbrush and dry grassy fields to homes. Wind supplies the fire with
additional oxygen pushing the fire across the land at a faster rate.
Impact on wildlife

• Bush fires kill animals directly and also destroy local habitats, leaving
the survivors vulnerable even once the fires have passed. Professor
Chris Dickman at Sydney University estimates that in the first three
months of the 2019–2020 bushfires, over 800 million animals died in
NSW, and more than 1 billion nationally.This figure includes mammals,
birds, and reptiles but does not include insects, bats or frogs. Many of
these animals were burnt to death in the fires, with many others dying
later due to the depletion of food and shelter resources and predation
by feral cats and red foxes. Dickman adds that Australia has the
highest rate of species lost of any area in the world, with fears that
some of Australia's native species, like the Kangaroo Island dunnart,
may even become extinct because of the current fires.
Impact on humans
• Bushfires produce particulate-matter pollution – airborne particles that are small enough
to enter and damage human lung tissue. Following the Hazelwood fire in 2014, Fay
Johnston, an associate professor of public health at the University of Tasmania's Menzies
Institute for Medical Research, says young children exposed to smoke either as infants,
toddlers or in the womb develop changes to their lung function. She says: "Unborn babies
exposed to the Hazelwood smoke were more likely to experience coughs or colds two to
four years after the fires.” Otherr studies conducted in Australia show an increase in
respiratory diseases among adults stemming from air pollution caused by bushfires.
• As a result of intense smoke and air pollution stemming from the fires, in January 2020
Canberra measured the worst air quality index of any major city in the world. The orange-
tinged smoke entered homes and offices buildings across the capital making breathing
outside very difficult, forcing businesses and institutions to shut their doors. Studies show
that residents of highly polluted cities also have an increased risk of heart attack, stroke,
and diabetes. Professor Jalaluddin, a chief investigator with the Centre for Air Pollution,
Energy and Health Policy Research, says: "There is increasing evidence around air
pollution and (the development of) neurological conditions, for example, Parkinson's
disease and Alzheimer's.
Official inquiries
• After many major bushfires, state and federal governments in Australia have
initiated inquiries to see what could be done to address the problem. A
parliamentary report from 2010 says that between 1939 and 2010, there have been
at least 18 major bushfire inquiries including state and federal parliamentary
committee inquiries, COAG reports, coronial inquiries and Royal Commissions.
Anotherr report published in 2015 says there have been 51 inquiries into wildfires
and wildfire management since 1939. The authors note that: "The fact that
catastrophic events continue to recur is evidence either that the community is failing
to learn the lessons from the past, or the inquiries fail to identify the true learning –
that catastrophic events may be inevitable, or that Royal Commissions are not the
most effective way to identify relevant lessons from past events".
• In January 2020, in the middle of the 2019–2020 bushfire season, Prime Minister
Scott Morrison raised the prospect of establishing another royal commission.
Morrison told Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) that any inquiry into the
crisis would need to be comprehensive and investigate climate change as well as
other possible causes.
Pray for Australia