ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Fundamental Structure

Irianty 201712579011

Rini Sulastri 201812579033

Asep Mustakim 201812500434

Warih A Prasetyo 201812579034

Yolla Permata Sari 201812500450

USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO MODIFY
PRONOUNS
 USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO
MODIFY PRONOUNS

Adjective Clauses There I someone (whom) I like you to meet. Object Pronouns
can modify (who/whom/which/that) are
Indefinite usually omitted in the Adjective
Pronouns
Everything (that) he said was pure nonsense. Clause
(someone/every
one/anyone)
Anybody who wants to come is welcome.
USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO
MODIFY PRONOUNS

Paula was the only one I know at the party.

Scholarships are available for those who need financial assistance.

Adjective Clause can modify the one (s) and those

USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO
MODIFY PRONOUNS

I who am a student in this campus come from Central Java.

Adjective Clause is uncommonly used to modify Personal Pronouns (I/You/They/We/He/She/It)

It is I who am responsible.
It is a possible use of Adjective Clause but very formal and uncommon.

He who laughs last laughs best.

It is a well-known saying. He works as Indefinite Pronoun (anyone/any person)
PUNCTUATING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF COMMA:

1. DO NOT USE COMMA if the Adjective Clause is necessary to identify the noun
it modifies =>

ESSENTIAL/RESTRICTIVE/IDENTIFYING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

2. USE COMMA if the Adjective Clause simply gives additional information and
unnecessary to identify the noun it modifies =>
NONESSENTIAL/NONRESTRICTIVE/NONIDENTIFYING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
 PUNCTUATING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The lecturer who teaches Fundamental Structure is an excellent lecturer.

(No commas are used because the Adjective Clause is necessary to identify which lecturer is meant)

Ms. , who teaches Fundamental Structure, is an excellent lecturer.

The commas are used
because it’s unnecessary Indonesia, which consists of hundreds and thousands of islands, is one of the
to identify the Proper
Nouns (Proper Nouns
world’s favorite vacation spots.
begin with capital Mr. Obama, who was the 44th President of the United States, is doing a lot of
letters).
volunteer work nowadays.
 PUNCTUATING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

whom If no commas are used, we

The man that I met last week was my neighbor. can use any possible
Ø
Pronoun and we can omit
the Object Pronoun.

If commas are not used, we

cannot use pronoun THAT, only
WHO/WHOM/WHICH/WHOSE/ Mr. Johnson, whom I met last week, was my neighbor.
WHERE/WHEN, and we cannot
omit Object Pronoun.
EXPRESSIONS OF
QUANTITY:
USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
SOME OF
MANY OF
MOST OF
NONE OF + PRONOUN In my class there are 40 students. Most of them are Javanese.
TWO OF
HALF OF
BOTH OF

In my class there are 40 students, most of whom are Javanese and Sundanese.
Only use WHOM, WHICH
In my class there are 40 students, only a few of which are Sumatranese.
and WHOSE
In my class there are 40 students, none of whose hometown is in Papua.
ALWAYS USE COMMA

Commonly used in
writing.
 USING WHICH TO MODIFY A WHOLE
Pronoun THAT
SENTENCE
and THIS refer to
the idea of a whole
previous sentence.

Adjective Clause Sonya has found a new job. That is lucky.

WHICH similarly
modify the idea of a She has found a new job, which is lucky.
whole sentence.

Informal Spoken
English Sonya has promised herself to be on time to work everyday. That is a good idea.

She has promised herself to be on time to work everyday, which is a good idea.
In written
English, must
use comma to
reflect a pause
 REDUCING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO
ADJECTIVE PHRASES

CLAUSE PHRASE
A group of related words that contains a A group of related words thatdoes
subject and a verb. notcontain a subject and a verb.

Only Adjective
Clause using WHO, -The womanwho loves me so muchis my
WHICH, or THAT The womanloving me so muchis my
mom.
mother.
can be reduced to The womanwhom I love so muchis my
Adjective Phrase. -
mother.
 REDUCING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
2. NO BE form
1. +BE form
(omit Subject Pronoun & change to V-ing
(omit Subject Pronoun & Be form) form)

The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made
making progress. important discoveries.
The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making The psychologists studying the nature of sleep have made
progress. important discoveries.
 REDUCING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO
ADJECTIVE PHRASES

Jakarta, which is the capital city of Indonesia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.

Comma is Jakarta, which is the capital city of Indonesia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.
still required
in Adjective Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.
Phrase if it’s
used in
Adjective
noun noun
Clause.
APPOSITIVE
Thankyou