COHESION AND

COHERENCE
 COHESION AND
COHERENCE
A text has good cohesion when
each paragraph is clearly linked to
the next.

A text has good coherence (and

cohesion) when all parts are
connected logically to form a
whole.
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e.g.
The doctors of UMM Hospital are
qualified. They come from Jakarta.
 Cohesive?
Yes  The doctors – They
Coherent?
No  Being qualified has no
relation with coming from Jakarta.
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How to create cohesion in your
text?

Repeating important words

Using pronouns
e.g. I, you, they, we, he, she, it, this,
these, that, those
Using ‘one’
Using synonyms
Using linking words/ cunjunctions
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Cause and Therefore, thus, consequently, hence,
effect as a result
Addition Also, and, in addition, furthermore,
moreover
Compariso Likewise, similarly, in the same way
n
Contrast However, in contrast, instead,
nevertheless, on the other hand, yet, at
the same time
Emphasis Certainly, indeed, in fact
Example For example, namely, specifically
Summary In brief, in summary, in conclusion
Time First of all, second, eventually, next,
Sequence then, finally
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How to create coherence
in your paragraph?

Organizing it according to a sequence

of time (chronological order)
Describing something from top to
bottom, or vice versa
Arranging informattion in order of
importance
THANK YOU