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 Will I pass my
research if I
accomplished all the
requirements?

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HYPOTHESIS
 HYPOTHESIS

Prepared by: S.D.R.

Retrieved from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/lowres.cartoonstock.com/science-copernicus- 6

historical_figures-scientists-scientific_theory-earth-bwhn1000_low.jpg
 1. Purpose
of
Hypothesis 2.
Categories
of
Hypothesis

3. Types of
Hypothesis

Understanding Hypothesis
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https://i.pinimg.com/originals/23/1c/a5/231ca5733679cf9faec1cdaaea2f5226.jpg
 WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?

-A tentative explanation to a
question about variables, their
relationships, and other facts
involved in a research.
A hypothesis has to be
tested through analytical
investigation to prove how
true or false it is (Creswell
2014; Russell 2013).
https://webstockreview.net/images/hypothesis-clipart-cartoon.jpg
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https://images.app.goo.gl/4jJWefvzHjNCCLLTA
× They guide you on which aspect of research to
focus on.
× They provide opportunities to prove the
relationship between variables.
× They give the right direction of the research.

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× They outline your thoughts on your manner of
summarizing the results and of explaining the
conclusions.
× They push for an empirical study to prove the
existence of relationship of variables and the
effects of independent variable on the
dependent variable.

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HYPOTHESIS
VS.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
× Null Hypothesis × Alternative Hypothesis
Ho Hi
States the absence of States the relationship between
relationship between the IV the IV and DV and the fact that
and DV. the first affects the second one.

*Nullifiable hypothesis *It includes the outcomes not

covered by the null hypothesis.

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http://www.datasciencemadesimple.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Simple-random-sampling-in-R.png
 × Many people believed that the
world is flat
Null hypothesis:
The world is flat.
Alternative hypothesis:
The world is round.

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 × Where:
µ= population
mean
× College freshmen study 20
hours per week,
we would express our null
hypothesis as:
Ho : µ = 20 Hi : µ ≠ 20
freshmen do not study 20
hours per week

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× We have a medicine that is being manufactured
and each pill is supposed to have 14 milligrams of
the active ingredient. What are our null and
alternative hypotheses?

Ho : µ = 14
Hi : µ ≠ 14
1. the population has a mean equal to 14 milligrams
2. the population has a mean that is different than 14 milligrams.

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× Theory-driven vs. Data-driven
hypothesis
× Directional (one-tailed) vs. Non-
directional (two-tailed) hypothesis
× Descriptive vs. Causal hypothesis

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1
× Theory-driven × Data-driven

A hypothesis that is based on A hypothesis that is based on the

existing theory to explain the findings of previous research
relationship of variables and studies.
the effects of one variable to
the other variables.

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2
× Directional (one- × Non-directional (two-
tailed) tailed)
A hypothesis that state the
A hypothesis that state the
relationship of variables but not
relationship of two variables
on the direction of the
as well as of the relationship
relationship
of these variables.

E.g. Girls perform better than E.g. There will be a difference in

boys the performance of girls & boys

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3
× Descriptive × Causal
A hypothesis that specify the
relationship between two A hypothesis that is based on the
variables due to the influence cause-effect relationship
of something.

Ex. True experimental research or

Ex. Non-experimental quasi-experimental research

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+ Express your hypotheses in a declarative
sentence.

+ Support your hypotheses with ideas

based on theories, known facts, or previous
studies.

+ Establish a logical relationship between

the hypotheses and the research problem.

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+ Have your hypotheses predict the nature
of relationship among variables.

+ Ascertain the possibility of having some

means of testing, analyzing, and
investigating your hypothesis.

+ Avoid wordiness by using clear, exact, or

specific language in stating the hypotheses.

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ON A 1 WHOLE YELLOW PAPER:
1. Why is hypothesis a tentative explanation of
something?
2. How do you formulate hypothesis?
3. Describe the relationship between hypothesis and
research question.
4. Should every research be provided with
hypothesis? Why?

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 (spontaneous generation)

Gases would
assemble into
organic compounds
which would further
assemble into
more complex
molecules such as
proteins.

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