HORMONE AND ITS

DERIVATIVES

Anisa Nurrismawati (1304617010)

Denada Kinanti .M. (1304617028)
 • Chemical substances that being released by endocrine
Hormone Definitions gland (ductless gland) through bloodstream to act on
target cells.

• Autocrine Hormones
– Those that act on the same cells that synthesize them
Hormones classified by
• Paracrine Hormones
proximity of their site of
synthesis to site of action – Those that are synthesized very close to their site of
action
• Endocrine Hormones
– Those that are synthesized by endocrine glands and
transported in the bloodstream to target cells that
contains the appropriate receptors
 • Proteins & polypeptides
– Hormones from anterior & posterior pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid gland.
These hormones are stored in secretory vesicle. Usually released into

Classes of bloodstream via exocytosis

• Steroid
Hormones based – Hormones form adrenal cortex, ovaries, and placenta. These horones are
on chemical usually synthesized from cholesterol and are not stored

structure • Amine
– These hormones from thyroid and adrenal medullary hormones. They are
derived from Thyrosine.
• Fatty acid
Hormones classified • Hydrophilic Hormones
according to – Soluble in aqueous medium
solubility in – They cannot cross the cell membrane
aqueous medium in – They bind to receptor molecules on the outer surface of
cells target cells, initiating reactions within the cell that
ultimately modifies the functions of the cells
– E.g. Insulin, Glucagon, Epinephrine

• Lipophilic Hormones
– Not soluble in aqueous medium, but soluble in lipid
– They can easily cross the cell membrane
– They can enter target cells and bind to intracellular
receptors to carry out their action
– E.g. thyroid hormones, steroid hormones
 How do
hormones • Hormones are normally presents in blood plasma at

exit in very low concentrations

• In blood, hormones binds to specific plasma carrier

blood protein, forming a complex which is then transported

in the plasma to distant target celss

plasma? • Plasma carrier proteins exist for all classes of endocrine

hormones
The mechanism of action of
Hydrophilic hormones with
receptors in target cells
• Mechanism of action of Hydrophilic hormones with receptors in
target cells is called Second Messenger.
– Receptors for Hydrophillic hormones are located on the
plasma membrane of target cells
– Hormone (1st messenger) interacts with the receptor on
the cell membrane, forming the Hormone-Receptor
Complex
– Hormone-Receptor complex causes conformationa
change in membrane proteins
– Hydrophillic hormones causes a more rapid response and
have a shorter duration of action than liphopilliic
– Actions of hydrophilic hormone can last seconds to hours
 • Lipohilic hormones crosses cell membrane to bind with Intracelullar
The mechanism of Receptor, forming Hormone-Receptor Complex
action of Liphophilic • Hormone Receptor Complex then bind to Specific Sequence of
hormones with Nuctleotide Bases in DNA called Hormone Response Element (HRE)
receptors in target • Binding of Hormone-Receptor Complex to HRE results in synthesis of
cells Messenger-RNA required for biosynthesis of specific protein
• Liphopilic hormones are slower to act and have longer duration of
action than hydrophilic hromones
• Duration of action may range from hours to days
 • Regulations of secretion of some hormones from endocrine glands is
Negative- Feedback controlled via negative-feedback mechanism.
Mechanism for
• Hormone are released from one gland regulates the release of
Regulation of Hormone another hormone from a second gland, which then controls hormone
secretion production from the endocrine gland
• Plasma level of the hormone itself, of a substances produced by the
target tissue in respone to the hormone may inhibit further release of
the hormone