CATHODIC PROTECTION

CORROSION CONTROL
CORROSION

 Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a

more chemically-stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide
 Its is the gradual destruction of materials, usually happens by chemical
or electrochemical reaction with their environment.
 The corrosion of metals is an electrochemical process in which the
metal is being oxidized by its surroundings
 The Corrosion metals, in particular steel in an aqueous environment
which can be either soil or water, occurs because the metal interact
with the local environment.
 TYPE OF CORROSION

 Galvanic corrosion is extraordinarily common, and occurs when two metals with different
electrochemical charges are linked via a conductive path. Corrosion occurs when metal ions move from
the anodized metal to the cathodic metal.
 Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) -When subjected to extreme tensile stress, a metal component can
experience SCC along the grain boundary—cracks form, which are then targets for further corrosion.
 General corrosion - When metal, specifically steel, is exposed to water, the surface is oxidized and a
thin layer of rust appears. Like galvanic corrosion, general corrosion is also electrochemical. In order to
prevent oxidation, a preventative coating must interfere with the reaction.
 Localized corrosion occurs when a small part of a component experiences corrosion or comes in
contact with specific corrosion-causing stresses. Because the small “local” area corrodes at a much fast
rate than the rest of the component, and the corrosion works alongside other processes such as stress
and fatigue, the end result is much worse than the result of stress or fatigue alone.
 Caustic agent corrosion occurs when impure gas, liquids, or solids wear a material down. Although
most impure gases do not damage metal in dry form, when exposed to moisture they dissolve to form
harmful corrosive droplets. Hydrogen sulfide is an example of one such caustic agent.
WHAT IS CATHODIC PROTECTION
AND WHY IT IS IMPORTANT

 Cathodic protection is a method of corrosion control that can be applied

to buried and submerged metallic structures
 It is normally used in conjunction with coatings and can be considered
as a secondary corrosion control technique
WHAT IS CATHODIC PROTECTION

 Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion

of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a
more easily corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the anode.
METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING
CATHODCI PROTECTION
HISTORY OF CATHODCI PROTECTION
TYPE OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

The main types of cathodic protection systems are

GALVANIC PROTECTION or SACRIFITIAL ANODE

 and
IMPRESSED CURRENT SYSTEMS
GALVANIC PROTECTION OR
SACRIFICIAL ANODE SYSTEM

 In galvanic protection or sacrificial anode system a metal anode is electrically

linked to the structure to be protected which is more reactive to the surrounding
corrosive environment than the structure which is to be protected. The sacrificial anode
corrodes, protecting the metal of the structure being protected.
 The anodes connected to the protected structure have a natural potential that is more
negative than the structure’s. When connected current flows from the anode (more
negative potential) to the structure (less negative potential) in a DC circuit.
ICCP or IMPRESSED CURRENT
CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

 In many applications, the potential difference between the

galvanic/sacrificial anode and the steel structure is not enough to
generate sufficient current for protection to occur. In these cases, a
power supply (rectifier) is used to generate larger potential differences,
enabling more current to flow to the structure being protected. This is
referred to as an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system.
AREA OF APPLICATION

 UNDERGROUND PIPING OR PIPELINE

 STORAGE VESSELS
 TANKS
 SHIPS
CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN