Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Defining Culture
Defining Culture
are the
forms of
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1. Hunting and gathering
societies
These are
small and
generally with
less than 50
members
and is
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nomadic.MM.DD.20XX
1. Hunting and gathering
societies
specialty appear.
professions
3. Horticultural Societies
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4. Agricultural societies
Greater
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degrees of social stratification
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appeared in agricultural
4. Agricultural societies
Farmers provided warriors
with food in exchange for
protection against invasion
by enemies. A system of
rulers with social
high status appeared.
This nobility organized
also
warriors to protect
the society from invasion.
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5. Industrial societies
the world.
5. Industrial societies
work to be performed
GROUP ACTIVITY: OUR IDEAL
SOCIETY
Creatively describe your Ideal society by combining
three categories. Consider the following factors:
SOCIAL INTERACTION (SOCIAL)
LIVELIHOOD (ECONOMY)
LEADERSHIP (GOVERNMENT)
RESOURSES (ENVIRONMENTAL)
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ASPECTS OF
CULTURE
Cultures have key features (classification and elements)
and characteristics that are present in all cultures
CULTURE
the characteristic
features of everyday
existence (such as
diversions or a way
of life) shared by
people in a place or
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CULTURE
the set of shared
attitudes, values,
goals, and practices
that characterizes
an institution or
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1
organization
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Classification of Culture
1. Material Culture
Cultural components that visible and
are
tangible
All material objects or those components or
elements of culture with physical representation
such as tools, furniture, buildings, bridges,
gadgets, etc.
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Classification of Culture
1. Nonmaterial Culture
nontangible or without
physical representation
can be categorized into
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cognitive and normative MM.DD.20XX
nonmaterial culture.
NONMATERIAL
COGNITIVE CULTURE
includes ideas, concepts,
the
philosophies, designs, etc. that are
products of the mental or intellectual
functioning and reasoning of the human
mind.
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NONMATERIAL
NORMATIVE CULTURE
includes all the expectations,
standards and rules for
human behavior.
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ELEMENTS OF
CULTURE
All cultures consist of key elements that are crucial
to human existence:
1. BELIEFS
are conceptions or ideas people
have about what is true in the
environment around them.
EX: like what is life, how to value it, and how one’s beliefs on the
value of life relate with his or her interaction with others and the
world.
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1. BELIEFS
These may be based on
common sense, folk wisdom,
religion, science, or a
combination of all of these.
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Possible different sources:
1.a person’s own experiences or
experiments
2.the acceptance of cultural and societal
norms (e.g. religion)
3.what other people say (e.g.education or
mentoring).
SAMPLE OF COMMON BELIEFS:
1. I am in charge of my life.
2.I don’t need the approval of others
to succeed
3. “We are here for a purpose”
4. What goes around, comes around.
5. Marriage = Happily ever after
Philippines Superstitious Beliefs:
Do not comb hair at night, because your parents
can die.
Do not sleep with wet hair, because you can
become crazy.
Bad luck is when the picture falls from a
wall.
Do not break the mirror, because you will be
unhappy.
2. VALUES
describes what is appropriate or
inappropriate (good or bad;
desirable or undesirable; worthy
or unworthy) in a given society
or what ought to be.
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2. VALUES
These are broad,abstract,
and shared to
influence and guide the
behavior of people.
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2. VALUES
People live in a culture
wherein symbols are used to
understand each other.
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VALUE SYMBOLS
S verbal (words)
nonverbal
(acts, gestures, signs, and objects) that
communicate meaning that people recognize
and shared.
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3. LANGUANGE
is a shared set of spoken and
written symbols.
It is basic to communication
and transmission of culture. It is
known as the storehouse of
culture.
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4. TECHNOLOGY
refers the
to of
application
knowledge
and equipment to
ease
task the
of living and
maintaining the
environment.
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4. TECHNOLOGY
It includes all methods
artifacts, and devices
created and used by
people.
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5. NORMS
are specific
rules/standards to guide
appropriate behavior.
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Proscriptive Defines and tells
us things not to
Type do.
s Prescriptive Defines and tells
us things to do .
Also known as customs, these are
norms for
everyday behavior that people follow for the
Folkways
These of
sake aretradition
strict norms
or that control moral and
convenience.
Mores ethical behavior. Mores are norms based on
Forms definitions of right and wrong.
These are norms that society holds so strongly
Taboos
that violating it results in extreme disgust.
These are codified ethics, and formally agreed,
Laws written down and enforced by an official law
enforcement agency.
EXAMPLE OF
FOLKWAYS
•1. Proper dress
•2. correct manner
•3. proper eating behaviour
•4. personal hygiene
Also known as customs, these are
norms for
everyday behavior that people follow for the
Folkways
These of
sake aretradition
strict norms
or that control moral and
convenience.
Mores ethical behavior. Mores are norms based on
Forms definitions of right and wrong.
These are norms that society holds so strongly
Taboos
that violating it results in extreme disgust.
These are codified ethics, and formally agreed,
Laws written down and enforced by an official law
enforcement agency.
EXAMPLE OF MORES
May result to severe penalties:
1. Murder
2. Theft
3. Rape
4. Fraud
5. corruption
Also known as customs, these are
norms for
everyday behavior that people follow for the
Folkways
These of
sake aretradition
strict norms
or that control moral and
convenience.
Mores ethical behavior. Mores are norms based on
Forms definitions of right and wrong.
These are norms that society holds so strongly
Taboos
that violating it results in extreme disgust.
These are codified ethics, and formally agreed,
Laws written down and enforced by an official law
enforcement agency.
EXAMPLE OF
•Abortion
TABOOS - terminating a pregnancy
•Addiction - addiction to legal or illegal drugs,
including alcoholism
•Adultery - sexual intercourse with someone
other than your spouse
•Bestiality or Zoophilia - sexual relations
between a human and an animal
•Bigotry - speaking negatively about someone of
another race
EXAMPLE OF
TABOOS
Fornication - sexual relations between people not
married to one another
Homosexuality - sexual attraction or relations with
people of the same gender
Illegal drugs - using or abusing illegal drugs
Incest - sexual relations between relatives.
Different
cultures have different definitions of how close a
relative would be considered taboo
EXAMPLE OF
TABOOS - marriage between people
Intermarriage
who are closely related
Polygamy - having more than one spouse at
the same time
Pornography - showing body parts for sexual
excitement
Suicide - the taking of one's own life
Also known as customs, these are
norms for
everyday behavior that people follow for the
Folkways
These of
sake aretradition
strict norms
or that control moral and
convenience.
Mores ethical behavior. Mores are norms based on
Forms definitions of right and wrong.
These are norms that society holds so strongly
Taboos
that violating it results in extreme disgust.
These are codified ethics, and formally agreed,
Laws written down and enforced by an official law
enforcement agency.
By themselves, norms
guidelines for humanarebehavior.
Sanctions encourage conformity to
norms.
Sanctions are socially imposed
rewards and punishments in society
which may be formal or informal.
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF CULTURE
1. Dynamic,
Flexible, and
Adaptive
Most societies interact with other
societies, and lead to exchanges of
material (e.g., tools and furniture) and
nonmaterial (e.g., ideas and symbols)
components of culture.
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Dynamic
Culture is dynamic as it responds to the
changing needs of time, alongside to the
motion and actions within and around it.
When one aspect changes within a
system, culture easily responds to it.
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EXAMPLE:
In the culture of China, binding of foot is part
of their lives. Through this, the beauty of women is
being portrayed and emphasized through out the
country. But because of the development of
technology and medical stuffs, further studies about
foot binding were conducted. After analyzing the
studies, foot binding is now being condemned in
China.
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Flexible
Culture is capable of being flexible
to be able to face any challenges
that life would bring.
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EXAMPLE:
Amish people are very strict and particular with
their culture. They still make decision-making
balanced in a sense that both their organization
and culture can survive the inevitable changes
around them, especially through modern times.