ELEMENTS

Literary
Technical
ELEMENTS
Performa
nce
Literary
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PLO : “cause and effect arrangement”
T : the structure
STAGE
S
1. Exposition
2. Inciting Incident
The event that
3. Rising Action leads to the
4. Climax conflict.
5. Falling Action
6. Denouement
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PLO
ItTrefers to the events , to what
happens.
It must have unity and clarity by setting up a
pattern. Action initiating the next rather
than standing alone.
In the plot of a play, characters are involved
in conflict that has a pattern of movement. 
The action begins from the initial
entanglement.
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THE : “central topic”
: what the p lay means
ME
It refers to the meaning, the main idea, or the
lesson to be learned from the play.

The theme can be clearly stated in the title or

it can be revealed through the dialogue of
the characters or it can be denoted from the
playwright’s voice.
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THE
ME
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CHARACT : “to whom the events
happen in a story”
ERS
They refer to the people, animals, or even
things portrayed by the actors/ actresses in
the play.
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CHARACT
ERS
Each character should have
their own distinct
personality, age,
appearance, beliefs, socio-
economic background, and
language.
characteri
zation
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DIALO
GUE
Words written by the
playwright
and spoken by the
characters.
FORM
S:
1. Exchange
2. Soliloquy
3. Aside
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DIALO
GUE
Exchange
- The act of speaking one’s
Soliloquy
thoughts aloud
- A character, typically
Therefore, alone the
revealing on
stage, delivers a
character’slong speech.
emotions and
- A dialogueinnermost
between thoughts.
character to
Aside
character or character to
audience but is not heard by the
Also revealing the character’s
other characters
hiddenonfeelings
stageand agenda.
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MUSIC/RHY
TYM
It can encompass the rhythm of the dialogue.
It can also mean the aspects of the melody
and music compositions.
It refers to mean all
sounds in a e rs
production. p os
sound effects, the Com ricists
& ly
actor’s voices, songs,
and instrumental music
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SPECTA
CLE
This refers to the visual
elements.
Anything that the audience sees
as they watch the play.
all of the aspects of scenery, sets,
costumes, and special effects
The qualities determined by the
playwright that create the world and
atmosphere of the play for the
audience’s eye. 
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SPECTA
CLE
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SPECTA
CLE
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- These In modern times
are the techniques and
Elements:
Convention
methods used by the
s
playwright and director to
create the desired stylistic
- This refer to the types of
Genre effect
play is the group of people
- This
Audience who watch the play.
- Many playwrights consider
them the most important
element as all effort put into
the writing and then
producing is for the
Technical
 Techni
cal
PLO : “cause and effect arrangement”
T : the structure
STAGE
S
1. Exposition
2. Inciting Incident
The event that
3. Rising Action leads to the
4. Climax conflict.
5. Falling Action
6. Denouement