Main Condensate

& Feed Systems

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Engineering!
 Objectives
• Components of Main Condensate
System and purposes of each
• Components of Main Feed System
and purposes of each
• Operation of Automatic Control
Systems
• Interrelationship of systems during
operations
 Main Condensate
System
• Provides condensation phase of
the main steam cycle
• Condenses steam from turbines to
liquid
• Pumps condensate from main
condenser to the Main Feed
System
Main Condensate
System
 Main Condenser
• Indirect, shell-and-tube, cross flow
heat exchanger
• Maintained at vacuum of 25-29” Hg
– How is the vacuum initiated &
maintained?
• Two flow paths through condenser
• Condensate collects in hotwell
– Provides NPSH to condensate pumps
Main Condenser
 Main Seawater System
(MSW)
• Provides cooling water for main
condenser to condense steam
• Scoop Injection System
– Used at higher speeds (> 8 knots)
– Uses ship’s speed and scoop to cause
flow
– Not on SSN/SSBN’s
• MSW Pump
– Used when going slow or astern
– All SSN/SSBN’s
 Main Condensate
Pumps
• Centrifugal pumps, either
steam or electrical power (subs
all electrical)
• Usually 2 pumps per condenser
• Check valve on discharge of
pump to prevent backflow
• Lowest pressure in MS cycle at
suction of pumps
Condensate Depression
• Amount of subcooling of
condensate in the hotwell of the
main condenser
• If too little (< 2oF), then cavitation
of condensate pumps can occur
• If too much (> 5oF), then lose
efficiency (since condensate must
be reheated later)
• Controlled by regulating MSW flow
 Main Feed System
• Purpose: to deaerate, preheat, store,
and transport water from DFT to the
boiler or S/G
 Deaerating Feed Tank
(DFT)
• Preheats feed using 150# Auxiliary Steam
• Stores feed (provides NPSH for MFBP)
• Deaerates feed (removes dissolved air)
 Deaerating Feed Tank
(DFT)
• Operation
– 150# Aux Steam enters in
for heating
– Condensate sprayed in
thru nozzles (foglike)
– Baffles collect
condensate/condensed
steam and directed to
atomizer assembly
– Atomizer uses high-
velocity steam to redirect
condensate-> remove last
gases (scrubbing)
 More Components
• Main Feed Booster Pump (MFBP)
– Single-stage centrifugal pump
– Provides NPSH to MFP
• Main Feed Pump (MFP)
– Multi-stage centrifugal pump
– Raises feed pressure > S/G pressure
• Feedwater Control Valve
– Regulates quantity of feed flow to S/G
 Makeup-and-Excess
Feed System
• During normal operations, necessary
to add/remove water from steam cycle
• System stores feed and provides it if
needed
• DFT level control system provides
control
– If level low, make-up feed valve opened
– If level high, excess feed valve opened
Makeup-and-Excess Feed
System
 Automatic Boiler / S/G
Level Control System
• Uses closed loop feedback
principle of operation
– Measure actual output
– Compare actual output with desired
output
– Compute necessary correction signal
– Correct actual output
 Automatic Boiler / S/G
Level Control System
• Automatic Combustion Control (ACC)
– Maintains boiler’s steam drum pressure by
controlling rate of combustion (air/fuel)
• Feedwater Control System (FCS)
– Regulates flow of feedwater to boiler to
maintain level
• Diff Control System of MFP (DCS)
– Maintains feedwater supply pressure above
steam drum pressure
Automatic Combustion
Control (ACC) System
Feedwater Control
System (FCS)
 Differential Control
System of MFP (DCS)
 Interrelation of
Systems
• Answering AA2/3 -> OOD orders AAII
• Open throttles -> steam flow ->
steam pressure
• ACC system air & fuel to
combustion rate
• FWC system feed to match steam
flow
• DCS of MFP speed of MFP to
discharge pressure
 Boiler Chemistry
Control
• High temperature water and steam
at neutral pH can be very corrosive
• Holes in piping
• Chemicals are added to the water
to ensure pH stays low (basic)
• Must analyze for proper levels of these
chemicals to ensure corrosion prevented.
• Can’t have too much – will cause fouling
and scale deposits
Questions
?