TOEFL PREP

UFRPE

2020
 Reading Skills

The Reading Section

Academic Reading Skills.

Students are expected to read and understand information from textbooks and
other academic materials written in English.

• Reading to find information

• Basic comprehension
• Reading to learn

Germany’s Role in
Animal and human The challenges in
the post-war
health : concerns the translations of
unification and the
towards H5N1 the Bible
impacts on the EU.
TOEFL PREP 2020
 Germany’s Role in the post-war
unification and the impacts on the EU.

• Germany’s centrality to all the key debates past and present which
have preoccupied EU and Member State policy-makers – not the
least of which is securing the future of the single currency – is clear.
It is and will remain essential to the success of integration in all its
guises. However, its evolution as an actor in foreign and security
policy represents perhaps the most interesting example of how it
has changed since 1990. Having initially been anxious to reassure
its neighbours and European partners that unification would not
threaten the peace and stability of Europe, the trajectory of change
within Germany has been dramatic in the post-unification period.

TOEFL PREP 2020

 Animal and human health : concerns
towards H5N1

• Infection after consumption of fresh duck blood and undercooked

poultry products has been suspected in some cases of illness.
Indeed, transmission to felids was observed after experimental
feeding of infected chickens to domestic cats, and feeding tigers
raw infected chicken led to outbreaks of illness in Thai zoos, in
which felid‐to‐felid transmissions were also implicated. Infected
birds shed high concentrations of virus in faeces . Direct intranasal
or conjunctival inoculation while swimming in contaminated water
or, perhaps, inhalation or ingestion of water could have been
potential modes of transmission to some H5N1‐infected patients.
As for human influenza, hand contamination from fomites and self‐
inoculation into the eye or upper respiratory tract remain possible
modes.
TOEFL PREP 2020
 The challenges in the translations
of the Bible

• The story of the Bible in translation is, like the text itself, far from
straightforward. Private spiritual reading may well have lain at the
heart of Protestant piety but, as Lori Anne Ferrell has pointed out, the
Bible was desperately difficult to understand and Protestant writers of
biblical text-books knew this only too well. Their approach was to
warn readers of the ‘knotty Passages’ and ‘things hard to be
understood’ whilst, at the same time, steering them to the ‘Shallows
where the Lambs may wade’ with the assurance (and
encouragement) that ‘the Truths necessary to Salvation are plain,
and of easy Access to the weakest understanding’.

TOEFL PREP 2020

 Now, lets see a real TOEFL exam question!

In paragraph 1. the author explains the

concept of energy expenditure
By Oportunists and Competitors

identifying types of organisms that Growth. reproduction. and daily

became extinct metabolism all require an organism to
expend energy. The expenditure of
comparing the scientific concept to a energy is essentially a process of
familiar human experience budgeting. just as finances are
budgeted. It all of one's money is spent
arguing that most organisms conserve on clothes, there may be none left to buy
rather than expend energy food or go to the movies. Similarly, a
plant or animal cannot squander all its
describing the processes of growth. energy on growing a big body if none
reproduction, and would be left over for reproduction. for
Metabolism this is the surest way to extinction.

Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow

TOEFL PREP 2020