THE EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON

WHEAT ANATOMY
SIDRA MUBARAK

2017-AG-2802

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

DR. RIZWANA MAQBOOL

 WHEAT
Scientific name: Triticum aestivum
Common name: Gehun, ghandum
Crop season: Rabi

• Grown all over the world

• wheat covers more of the earth's surface than any other cereal crop
• First important and strategic cereal crop
• Most important staple food of about two billion people (36% of the world population)
CONT..

• The total area of   Wheat in the world is around 215.26 million with a production of 584.76 million
tones

• The normal world productivity is 2717 Kg./ha

• The major Wheat producing countries are China, India, USA, France, Russia, Canada, Australia,
Pakistan, Turkey, UK, Argentina, Iran and Italy

• These countries contribute about 76% of the total world Wheat production
 NUTRITIONAL VALUE
• Worldwide, wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories consumed
globally
• Wheat grain contains all essential nutrients;
• kernel contains about 12 percent water, including
• carbohydrates (60-80% mainly as starch),
• proteins (8-15%) containing adequate amounts of all essential amino acids (except lysine,
tryptophan and methionine),
• fats (1.5-2%),
• minerals (1.5-2%),
• vitamins (such as B complex, vitamin E) and 2.2% crude fibers
 DROUGHT STRESS
• Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses that affects growth and development of
plants through alterations in metabolism and gene expression (Leopold, 1990)
• Drought occurs for several reasons, including
• low rainfall,
• salinity,
• high and low temperatures, and
• high intensity of light,
• among others.
• Drought stress is a multidimensional stress and causes changes in the
• physiological,
• morphological,
• Anatomical,
• biochemical, and
• molecular traits in plants
 EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON
WHEAT
• Crop growth and yield

• Water relations

• Nutrient relations

• Photosynthesis

• Assimilate partitioning

• Respiration

• Oxidative damage
GENERAL MECHANISM OF
DROUGHT
PLANT RESPONSES UNDER DROUGHT
 WHEAT STEM ANATOMY

Well-watered conditions
(Normal Anatomy)
WHEAT ROOT ANATOMY
Susceptible Tolerant
CONT..

(Kulkarni et al., 2017)

WHEAT LEAF ANATOMY
 REFERENCES
• Kulkarni, M., R. Soolanayakanahally, S. Ogawa, Y. Uga, M.G. Selvaraj, and S. Kagale. 2017.
Drought response in wheat: key genes and regulatory mechanisms controlling root system
architecture and transpiration efficiency. Front. Chem. 5(106): 1–13.
• Schoppach, R., D. Wauthelet, L. Jeanguenin, and W. Sadok. 2014. Conservative water use under high
evaporative demand associated with smaller root metaxylem and limited trans-membrane water
transport in wheat. Funct. Plant Biol. 41(3): 257–269.
• Assem, N., L.E. Hafid and F. Lamchouri, 2017. Impact of water stress on the leaf tissues of two
Moroccan varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). J. Materials. and Environ. Sci., (8) 10:
3583-3587.
• Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita and S.M.A. Basra, 2008. Plant drought stress: effects,
mechanisms and management. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 29 (2009): 185–212.
THANK YOU