RENAL EMERGENCIES

• acute renal failure

• dialysis
• chronic renal failure
• urethral obstruction
Acute renal failure

it's a syndrome characterised by a rapidly

progressive impairement of the kidney
ability to maintain electrolyte homostasis &
excrete nitrogenous waste.
a)pre-renal
b)renal
c)post-renal
etiology
1. pre renal ARF
• hypovolumia
• decreased cardiac output
• hypotension
1.reanal ARF
• toxins & drugs
• infectious agent
• heat stroke,sepsis,renal infraction
3. post renal ARF
• urethral obstruction
• uroabdomen
clinical signs

• lethargy
• anorexia
• nausea
• dehydration
• hypovolemia
diagnostic test

• minimum database-serum chemistry

analysis, urinalysis.
• urine culture & sensiyivity
• serology
• ACTH test
• Ethylene glycol level in blood
Goals of treatment for ARF

• correct fluid deficits

• correct electrolyte imbalances
• correct underlying diseases
• improve urine production
DIALYSIS

Dialysis removes uremic waste products,

corrects electrolyte imbalances & adjuests
fluid volume by mechanical means.
a) Intermittent dialysis
b) Contineous renal replacement therapy
indications

• anuric or oliguric renal failure not

responding to appropriate I/V fluid therapy.
• severe azotaemia despite adequate urine
production.
• toxicities.
Chronic renal failure

Its the progressive impairement in the

kidney ability to concentrate urine, excrete
nitrogenous waste,& maintain electrolyte
homeostasis.
1. Congenital RF
2. Acquired RF
congenital RF

• renal dysplasia
• Glomerulopathy
• Amyloidosis
• Polycystic kidney disease
Acquired RF
• Due to nephron loss & gradual declaine in
renal function.
urethral obstruction
Blockage or obstruction in urethra.
Etiology:
• urinary calculi
• metabolic disease
• tumourous growth or neoplasia
• trauma
• foreign object
Diagnosis

• history
• azotemia & hyperkalemia
• urin assessed for PH, signs of infection,
presence of crystaluria.
• abdominal radiograph for radio opaque
urethral calculi.
Treatment

• I/v access by catheter placement.

• calcium supplement , I/V route
• fluid therapy in case of dehydrated animal
• surgery
Thank u...