Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prof.dr.Meliha Bijedić
Skoplje, 2017.
Social context of SIE 6
Socijalni kontekst JIE 6
• Poverty • Siromaštvo
• Unemployment • Nezaposlenost
• Social exclusion • Socijalna isključenost
• Poor coordination of • Loša koordinacija
social policy socijalne politike
• Migration • Migracije
Who are “the children of the street”?
Ko su “djeca ulice”?
• „A child of the streets is any boy • „Dijete ulice je bilo koji dječak ili
or a girl under 18 years of age for djevojčica do 18 godina starosti
which the streets have become za koga je ulica postala pretežni
main source of income and are izvor prihoda i koja nisu
not properly protected or adekvatno zaštićena ili nadzirana
supervised by an adult”.1 od strane odrasle zrele osobe.”1
*Zakon o osnovama socijalne zaštite, zaštite civilnih žrtava rata i porodice sa djecom FBiH.
National Framework – Monte Negro
Nacionalni okvir – Crna Gora
• Law on social and child protection • Zakon o socijalnoj i dječjoj zaštiti
(“Official Gazzete MN", no. 27/2013, 1/2015, 42/2015, ("Sl. list CG", br. 27/2013, 1/2015, 42/2015, 47/2015,
47/2015, 56/2016, 66/2016, 1/2017, 31/2017 – decision US, 56/2016, 66/2016, 1/2017, 31/2017 - odluka US,
42/2017 i 50/2017) 42/2017 i 50/2017)
• Law on the prohibition of • Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije
(Službeni list Crne Gore, broj 46/2010“)
discrimination (“Official Gazzete MN ", br 46/2010)
• Law on Protection against Domestic • Zakon o zaštiti od nasilja u
Violence (“Official Gazzete MN", no br. 46/2010. Vidi: porodici ("Službenom listu CG", br. 46/2010.
Vidi: čl. 152. Zakona - 40/2011-1.
čl. 152. Zakona - 40/2011-1.
• Criminal Code (“Official Gazzete MN", no.70/2003, • Krivični zakonik CG (KZ) ("Službeni list
RCG", br. 70/2003, 13/2004, 47/2006 i "Sluţbeni list
13/2004, 47/2006 i and “Official Gazzete MN ", br. 40/2008 i CG", br. 40/2008 i 25/2010.)
25/2010.)
• Law on Public Order and Peace (“Official • Zakon o javnom redu i miru
("Službeni list CG", br. 40/2011-1. )
Gazzete MN", ", no. 40/2011-1. )
National Framework– Albania
Nacionalni okvir – Albanija
• Penal Code, (Law No. 7895) • Krivični zakon, (Zakon br. 7895)
• Code of Penal Procedure, (Law No. 7905) • Zakon o krivičnom postupku (Zakon br. 7905)
• Civil Code, (Law No. 7850) • Građanski zakon, (Zakon br. 7850)
• Family Code, (Law No. 9062)
• Labour Code, (Law No. 7961) • Porodični zakonik, (Zakon br. 9062)
• Protection of the Rights of the Child, (Law No. • Zakon o radu, (Zakon br. 7961)
10347)
• Zaštita prava djeteta, (Zakon br. 10347)
• Protection against Discrimination, (Law No.
10221) • Zaštita od diskriminacije, (Zakon br. 10221)
• Measures against Domestic Violence, (Law • Mjere protiv nasilja u porodici, (Zakon br.
No. 9669)
9669)
• Pre-University Education, (Law No. 7952)
• Pre-univerzitetsko obrazovanje, (Zakon br.
• Asylum in the Republic of Albania, (Law No. 7952)
8432)
• Integration and Family Reunion of Persons • Azil u Republici Albaniji (Zakon br. 8432)
with Asylum in the Republic of Albania,( Law • Integracija i ponovno druženje osoba sa
No. 9098)
azilom u Republici Albaniji, (Zakon br. 9098)
• Protection of Working Minors, Decision of the
Council of Ministers No. 384. • Zaštita radnih maloletnika, Odluka Vijeća
ministara br. 384.
National Framework– Kosovo
Nacionalni okvir – Kosovo
• Law on Social and Family Services, (No • Zakon o socijalnim i porodičnim
02/ L-17)
uslugama, (br. 02 / L-17)
• Law on Social Assistance Scheme in • Zakon o socijalnoj pomoći na
Kosovo, (LAW NO. 2003/15) Kosovu, (ZAKON BR. 2003/15)
• Law on Material Support to the • Zakon o materijalnoj podršci
Families of Children with Disability, porodicama djece sa invaliditetom,
(LAW NO. 03/L-022)
(ZAKON BR. 03 / L-022)
• Law on Labour , (Law No.03/L –212 ) • Zakon o radu (Zakon br. 03 / L-212)
• Protection of Health of Employees and • Zaštita zdravlja zaposlenih i radnog
of Work Environment as well as of okruženja, kao i Zakona o radu (Zakon
Law on Labour, (Law No. 2003/19) br. 2003/19)
• Family Law, (“Official Gazzete” of RM, no. • Porodični zakon, (Sl. glasnik R. Makedonije,
br. 80/92, 9/96, 38/04, 33/06 i 84/08, čl. 10 (2), čl. 16.)
80/92, 9/96, 38/04, 33/06 i 84/08, čl. 10 (2), čl. 16.)
• Health care law, (“Official Gazzete” of RM, • Zakon o zdravstvenoj zaštiti, (Sl.
glasnik R. Makedonije, br. 38/91, 46/93, 55/95, 10/04,
no. 38/91, 46/93, 55/95, 10/04, 84/05, 111/05, 65/06, 84/05, 111/05, 65/06, 5/07, 77/08 i 67/09)
5/07, 77/08 i 67/09)
• NGO have a crucial role in working • NVO imaju ključnu ulogu u radu
with street-connected children sa djecom ulicekroz:
through: njihov angažman u pružanju
their engagement in service usluga,
delivery, istraživanja i
research, and zalaganje za ovu ugroženu
advocacy for this vulnerable group. grupu.
• They offer specialized • Nude specijalizovane
interventions through personalized intervencije putem
support and counseling to ensure personalizovane podrške i
that these children have full access savjetovanja kako bi osigurali
to basic services. da ova djeca imaju potpuni
pristup osnovnim uslugama.
NGO which condacting care and protection for children of street
Nevladine organizacije koje pružaju zaštitu i pomoć djeci ulice
• They also try to minimize the • Takođe pokušavaju da minimiziraju
negative effects of deprivations by negativne efekte deprivacija
making available specialized pružanjem dostupnih specijalizovanih
services such as psychosocial usluga kao što su psihosocijalno
counseling, empowerment through savjetovanje, osnaživanje putem
sports, complaint and reporting sporta, žalbeni i izvještajni
mechanisms, and support services mehanizmi i službe podrške koje
that can help the child to mogu pomoći djetetu da se (ponovo)
(re)connect positively with family poveže sa servisima porodice i
and local community services. lokalne zajednice.
• In improving access to basic • U poboljšanju pristupa osnovnim
services and in ensuring the best uslugama i obezbjeđivanju najboljih
interests of the children of street. interesa djece ulice.
Key issues in all Western Balkan countries
Ključna pitanja u svim zemljama ZB
• Children of the streets are not • Djeca ulice nisu dovoljno
a very visible as a problem vidljiva kao problem
• Children involved in life and • Djeca uključena u život i
work on the street are not rad na ulici nisu
recognized by law prepoznata u zakonima
• There is no record of the • Ne postoji evidencija o
number of children broju djece
• The number of children is • Broj djece se mijenja te
changing and it depends on zavisi od doba godine,
the time of year, economic ekonomskih okolnosti,
circumstances, mobility ... mobilnosti...
Key issues in all Western Balkan countries
Ključna pitanja u svim zemljama ZB
• Necessary networking of • Potrebno umrežavanje
non-governmental and nevladinih i vladinih
governmental institutions institucija
• Necessary protocols for • Potrebni protokoli o
dealing with cases of postupanju u slučajevima
children of the streets sklanjanja i zbrinjavanja
being removed and taken djece ulice
care of • Pozitivna strana je
• The positive side is a priručnik za rad sa
manual for working with djecom - standardizacija
children - standardization
Guidline for work with children of street
Priručnik za rad sa djecom i mladima na ulici
• The purpose of the Guidline • Svrha priručnika je
sets out how organisations usmjeravanje organizacija i
and individuals should work individualaca koji rade na
together to safeguard and osiguranju blagostanja djece i
promote the welfare of mladih sa ulice.
children and youth on the
street. • Namijenjen je praktičarima i
• It is addressed to practitioners menadžerima
and front line managers • Takođe, može dati smjernice
• Also, could gives guidance on o upravljanju za strateško
the governance for strategic planiranje i pružanje usluga
planning and delivery of djece
children’s services
The Guidline will give instruction for :
Priručnik će dati upute za:
• Early intervention • Rane intervencije
Together with prevention Zajedno sa prevencijom
• Early intervention before • Rane intervencije prije
the child has been on the nego što je djete provelo
streets for a long time is dugo vremena na ulici je
the most likely strategy to najbolja strategija koja
be successful in daje uspjeh u fenomenu
addressing the children djece koja rade i žive na
living and working in the ulici.
street phenomenon.
The Guidline will give instruction for :
Priručnik će dati upute za:
• Strategies for • Strategije zaštite
Protection Za djecu koja već žive ili
For Children who are rade na ulici, sa
already living or neposrednim
working in the street, potrebama koje se ne
with immediate needs mogu zanemariti i
that cannot be ignored strategije za zaštitu
and strategies for njihovog cjelokupnog
protection their holistic blagostanja.
well-being.
Submitted approaches in the work with street children
Predloženi pristupi u radu sa djecom ulice
The cross-cutting criteria for good practices identified Ključni kriteriji za dobru praksu koje je
by the UNHRC (2012) are (1) best interest, (2) UNHRC identifikovao (2012) su (1) najbolji
nondiscrimination, (3) participation, and (4) interes, (2) nediskriminacija, (3) učešće i (4)
accountability. The most common services and odgovornost. Najčešće usluge i mogućnosti
facilities provided by government and nongovernment
koje pružaju vladine i nevladine organizacije
organizations for street-connected children include:
1. Drop-in centers with facilities for bathing, midday za decu ulice uključuju:
meals, money management, no formal education, 1. Centre za okupljanje sa objektima za
medical help, psychosocial counseling, and other kupanje, ponoćne obroke, upravljanje
services. novcem, neformalno obrazovanje,
2. Outreach programs on railway stations and other medicinska pomoć, psihosocijalno
public spaces to connect with the children and then savjetovanje i druge usluge.
plan personalized interventions. 2. Programe informisanja na željezničkim
3. Home placement programs for reunion with the stanicama i drugim javnim prostorima za
family. povezivanje sa djecom, a zatim planirati
4. Open shelters for those who are willing to live in the
personalizirane intervencije.
shelter and get back to formal education or vocational
training. 3. Domaće programe za ponovno spajanje sa
porodicom.
4. Otvoriti skloništa za one koji su spremni da
žive u skloništu i vrate se u formalno
obrazovanje ili stručnu obuku.
Submitted approaches in the work with street children
Predloženi pristupi u radu sa djecom ulice
5. Engagement with the state for designing a 5. Angažovanje države sa ciljem kreiranja
child-friendly policy and then helping to politike koja odgovara djetetu i potom
forward its implementation, including the pomažući unapređenju njegove primjene,
training of different functionaries in the child uključujući obuku različitih funkcionera u
protection system. sistemu zaštite djece.
6. Group homes or transition houses for street- 6.Grupne kuće ili kuće za decu ulice preko 18
children above eighteen years of age and godina i podrška za traženje posla, stanovanja
support for seeking employment, housing, i slično.
and the like. 7. Obuka radnika na terenu.
7. Training of street outreach workers. 8. Pomoć za djecu za intervencije u kriznim
8. Child helplines for crisis intervention and situacijama i pravovremenu pomoć mladima
timely help to youth in need of immediate kojima je potrebna hitna pomoć.
help. 9. Spasavanje, liječenje i savjetovanje žrtava
9. Rescue, treatment, and counseling for seksualnog zlostavljanja i eksploatacije.
victims of sex abuse and exploitation. Svi ovi programi poštuju pravo dece da donose
All of these programs respect the right of children odluke vezane za svoj život, a akcije se mogu
to make decisions related to their lives, and action preduzeti bez saglasnosti djeteta samo za
may be taken without the consent of the child only sprečavanje krize ili kada je to potrebno u
for crisis prevention or when it is necessary to do so najboljem interesu djeteta.
in the best interest of the child.
Instead of the conclusion-Systematic approach to protection
Umjesto zaključka – sistemski pristup zaštiti
• Further developing the child protection • Dalje razvijanje sistema za zaštitu
systems and social welfare in WB countries djece i socijalne zaštite u zemljama
in order to prevent the exploitation of Zapadnog Balkana kako bi se spriječilo
children in begging situations, to support eksploatacija djece u situacijama
children and families. prosjačenja, podrška djeci i
• The development of a comprehensive and porodicama.
holistic system to protect all children in all • Razvoj sveobuhvatnog i cjelovitog
countries would help prevent the sistema za zaštitu dece u svim
phenomenon of child begging and zemljama bi pomogao da se spriječi
exploitation. fenomen dječijeg prosjačenja i
• The necessity of including a set of family eksploatacije.
support measures in place to support • Neophodnost uključivanja skupa mjera
families and parents with housing, porodične podrške u pružanju podrške
employment and income-generating porodicama i roditeljima sa
opportunities combined with psycho-social mogućnostima stanovanja,
support. zapošljavanja i stvaranja prihoda u
kombinaciji sa psihosocijalnom
podrškom.
Literatura
• ARSIS, GFK Albania, International expert (2014). National Study on children in street situation in Albania- From begging in
the street toward protection and care, A report commissioned by: UNICEF Save the Children. Retrieved
from https://www.unicef.org/albania/NationalStudy-childen_in_street_situation-June2014.pdf
• Claire Healy and Madalina Rogoz (ICMPD). Report for the Study on Typology and Policy Responses to Child Begging in the
EU (2012). JLS/2009/ISEC/PR/008-F2
• HM Gonverment (2010). Working Together to Safeguard Children-A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and
promote the welfare of children. Department for Education.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-together-to-safeguard-children--2
• ILO (2004). A rapid assessment of bonded labor in domestic work and begging in Pakistan. Karachi.
• Lai, A. (2016). FUTURE OF AN INTEGRATED CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM IN ALBANIA, Policy document. Council of Europe.
https://rm.coe.int/1680681ebb
• UNCHR. (2012). Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the protection and promotion of the
rights of children working and/or living on the street, Pg 5, point 11. Retrieved from
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/A-HRC-19-35_en.pdf
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e-mail: meliha.bijedic@gmail.com